SAMPE Journal - July/August 2020 - 43
Table 3. Combined load compression strength (MPa) ASTM
D6641-14.
2894
Test Temp (°C)
2895
2896
4891
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
22
732
628
663
623
632
552
775
665
124
450
339
417
355
418
357
526
416
135
430
203
364
274
391
297
487
372
150
197
89
285
132
337
249
414
276
Table 4. Interlaminar shear strength (MPa) ASTM D2344-13.
Test Temp (°C)
2894
2895
2896
4891
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
Dry
Wet
22
76.9
71.3
71.6
67.8
74.2
64.3
84.6
72.7
120
41.6
29.0
44.3
34.0
44.4
33.4
56.0
41.5
135
30.9
15.9
38.0
25.5
37.4
26.8
47.0
33.6
150
15.8
-
33.6
15.7
30.6
17.5
39.5
22.6
Table 5. Open hole compression strength (MPa) ASTM D6434-14.
Test Temp (°C)
2894
Dry
22
2895
Wet
312
Dry
Wet
300
2896
Dry
Wet
299
4891
Dry
Wet
327
CONCLUSIONS
Resins 2894, 2895, 2896 and 4891 were introduced as aerospace grade Resin Transfer Molding Epoxy Resins. This resin series increased glass
transition temperature roughly 10°C sequentially
for Matrix Resins 2894, 2895, 2896 and 4891. This
increase in glass transition temperature resulted in
higher compression strength, interlaminar shear
strength and open hole compression strength at
elevated temperatures, particularly in the wet condition. The service temperature of 2895, 2896 and
4891 increase with increasing glass transition temperature as compared to the baseline 2894 resin
system. The room temperature composite toughness properties as measured by GIC, GIIC and compression strength after impact show a mixture of
results. GIC and compression strength after impact
reduce slightly with higher service temperature
while GIIC has a less clear trend. The series of resins demonstrate performance suitable for aircraft
primary structure, with homogeneous resin systems not relying on the addition of interlaminar
tougheners.
REFERENCES
100
231
224
224
260
1. Rudd, C. D. "Resin transfer molding and structural re-
135
124
171
171
206
action injection molding" Composites ASM Handbook
Volume 21, 2001, p.p. 492-500.
2.
Table
6. Fracture toughness properties at 22°C.
Arnold, M., Henne, M., Bender, K., Dreschler, K. "The
influence of various kinds of PA12 interlayer on the in-
2894
2895
2896
4891
terlaminar toughness of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy
GIC (J/m )
948
914
861
631
composites" Polymer Composites, 2015, 1249-1257.
GIIC (J/m2)
1107
1167
1062
966
3. Tsotsis, T.K., "Interlayer toughening of composite ma-
CAI (MPa)
316
304
304
291
terials" Polymer Composites, 2009, 70-86.
2
4.
Hackett, S.C., Nelson, J.M., Hine, A.M., Sedgwick, P.,
Lowe, R.H., Goetz, D.P., Schultz, W.J. "Improved carbon
MPa. Resin 4891, with the lowest neat resin KIC fracture toughness value of 1.41 MPa·m1/2 and strain to
failure of 4.4% not surprisingly had the lowest composite toughness properties of the series. While silica has been shown to improve fracture toughness
due to particle/polymer debonding and a tortuous
path for crack propagation, the acrylic additives are
more effective in improving the fracture toughness
of these resins. Resin 4891 still recorded a very respectable compression strength after impact value
of 291 GPa, an 8.5% reduction versus 2894. This
modest reduction in compression after impact for
the highest service temperature resin of this series
is believed to be a result of the higher compression
properties of 4891.
w w w. s a m p e . o r g
fiber composite compression strength and shear stiffness through matrix modification with nanosilica" Proc.
American Society for Composites 25th Annual Technical
Conference. Dayton, OH, Sept. 20-22, 2010.
5.
Hackett, S.C., Nelson, J.M., Hine, A.M., Sedgwick, P.,
Lowe, R.H., Goetz, D.P., Schultz, W.J., "The effect of nanosilica concentration on the enhancement of epoxy resins
for prepreg composites" 42nd ISTC, Salt Lake City, UT October 11-14, 2010.
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