SAMPE Journal - January/February 2021 - 57
Invar comes in two general metallic forms, Invar 36 and Invar
42. The more popular lower CTE version is Invar 36 which very
closely matches most carbon fiber composite structures over a
full range of cure cycles and maximum temperatures. An example of an Invar mandrel being used for a full 3-dimensional tooling structure that is being processed via AFP is shown below.
Nickel and Electro-Formed Nickel Shell tooling is very de-
sirable when the composite structural end-product needs to
have a very smooth, and shiny/glossy, surface finish. Composite
computer laptop covers, musical instruments (e.g. violins), and
automotive structures (consumer appeal as well as aerodynamic
aspects) - drives one to use Nickel tooling. The photo shown below was used within the automotive industry to develop " Class A "
surface finishes with composites where " consumer appeal " likely
rates higher than structural requirements in certain areas of the
car to the ultimate buyer.
Finally, to close out this particular Tech Tidbits issue by stopping with metal tooling, normally most tooling has certain " support structure " that maintains thermal stability as well as good
dimensional stability while on the factory floor and in any curing
ovens or autoclaves. The example photo shows a typical Steel
tooling support structure with what is called an " egg-crate form " .
The form is very rigid. It also has sufficient structural support
in all major directions. And, it allows air flow (heated or cooled)
to very nicely circulate all around and throughout the structure
whether in an autoclave or and oven. Egg-crate designs are quite
common, especially for very large and complex composite structures. Uniform heating, cooling and air flow during the entire
manufacturing cure cycle is very important over the complete
cure cycle defined for the structure.
REFERENCE
1. " Tooling Materials: Typical Properties and Characteristics, "
S.W. Beckwith and L.C. Dorworth, SAMPE Journal, Nov-Dec
2006, Vol. 42, No. 6
T
his issue of Tech Tidbits has not covered several very important tooling material
options available and in use today. Nor have we covered novel tooling issues that are
seeing more use on the shop floor, or, " factories of the future " trends. We will cover those
in a future issue and expand upon novel techniques that are beginning to show up several
technology programs.
w w w. s a m p e . o r g
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SAMPE Journal - January/February 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - January/February 2021
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SAMPE Journal - January/February 2021 - Table of Contents
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SAMPE Journal - January/February 2021 - Cover3
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