SAMPE Journal - November/December 2021 - 34
FEATURE / LASER-SINTERING PROCESS
Figure 12. Side view and top view of the fibre integration sample at vD=30mm/min (left) and vD
min (right).
=60mm/
Figure 13. Successful continuous fibre integration
in the sintering process (left) and Young's modulus
and tensile strength of a sintered specimen with
single roving (right).
Fibre Integration
Based on the previous discussion (Additive
Manufacturing of CFRP), the HAZ should be
wide enough to accommodate the fibre and deep
enough to prevent it from being torn out again
by the recoater blade. The concave nozzle was
not used for integration because of its very wide
but shallow HAZ. The ratio of width to depth for
the planar nozzles is promising, which is why a
mean of planar nozzles with an outer diameter
of the planar surface of Ø3.5mm was chosen. For
fibre integration, only the nozzle feed rate were
varied, since the width and depth of the HAZ can
be significantly changed by this factor. The feed
rates were 30mm/min, 42mm/min and 60mm/
min, at a temperature of TD
of dD
=0.3mm. PERICOAT AC 250 was used as the
coating material for the rovings.
In accordance with the earlier results (Influence
Analysis), the specimens in Figure 11 which were
prepared with vD
HAZ than the middle (vD
specimens on the right (vD
=30mm/min, have a larger
=42mm/min) and the
=60mm/min), because
the energy input and the duration of heat transfer
were correspondingly larger.
Figure 12 (left) shows a component in side view
34 | SAMPE JOURNAL | NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021
and top view at vD
=30mm/min. At the low speed,
most of the roving was below the component
surface (red circle), which can be attributed to melt
pool formation. At vD
=60mm/min, the roving was
only laid on the component due to the low melt
formation, as can be seen in the red circle in Figure
12 (right).
In addition, the granular structure of the
sintered component was mostly still visible in
the HAZ. In both cases, the fibres that were not in
contact with the melt could be easily removed from
the component. Fibres that were in contact with
the melt showed good adhesion to the component.
=260°C and a spacing
Evaluation
Due to the fact that the process environment of
the LS machine was not accurately reproduced
in the test setup and the reason that the HAZ and
the fibre integration were carried out in sintered
components that had already undergone a cooling
cycle, the values of the parameters cannot be directly
transferred for the novel LS system. Moreover, the
size of the nozzle cannot be transferred directly
because of to the above mentioned process
environment. However, the values used for the
influence analysis and fibre integration provide
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