SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 13

Table 1. ID, stacking sequence and number of plies for all the configurations tested in this work.
Stacking sequence
ID
GQI
GH
FQI
FH7.5
FH15
HY21%
[0/90/45/-45]7/0/90/0/90/0/[-45/45/90/0]7
[0g/-9g/-18g/-27g ... /-171g]2/0g
[0/90/45/-45]6/0/[-45/45/90/0]6
0/-7.5/-15/...-360
0/-15/-30/...-720
[0g/-10f/-20f/-30f/-40g/-50f/-60f/-70f/-80g/-90f/-100f/-110f/-120g/130f/-140f/-150f/-160g/-170f/0f/-11.25f/-22.5g/-33.75f/-45f/-56.25f/67.5g/-78.75f/-90f/-101.25f/-112.5g/-123.75f/-135f/-146.25f/-157.5g/168.75f/0f/-11.25f/-22.5g/-33.75f/-45f/-56.25f/-67.5g/-78.75f/-90f/101.25f/-112.5g/-123.75f/-135f/-146.25f/-157.5g/-168.75f/0f
HY30%
[0g/10f/20f/30g/40f/50f/60g/70f/80f/90g/100f/110f/120g/130f/140f/1
50g/160f/170f]2
[0g/11.25f/22.5f/33.75g/45f/56.25f/67.5g/78.75f/90f/10
1.25g/112.5f/123.75f/135g/146.25f/157.5f/168.75g/ 180g]1
HY50% [0g/10g/20f/30g/40f/50g/60f/70g/80f/90g/100g/110f/120g/130f/140
g/150f/160g/170f]3
/0g
HY74% (0g/-10g/-20g/-30g/-40f/-50g/-60g/-70g/-80f/-90g/-100g/-110g/120g/-130f/-140g/-150g/-160g/-170f)2
54g/-63g/-72f/-81g/-90g/-99g/-108g/-117f/-126g/-135g/-144g/-153f/162g/-171g/-180g)
QIY21%
(0g/90f/45f/-45f)/(0f/90g/45g/-45f)/(0f/90f/45g/-45f)/(0f/90f/45f/45g)/(0f/90f/45f/-45f)/(0g/90f/45f/-45f)/(90g/0g/90g)/
(-45f/45f/90f/0g)/(-45f/45f/90f/0f
)/(-45g/45f/90f/0f )/
(-45f/45g/90f/0f)/(-45f/45f/90g/0f)/(-45f/45f/90f/0g)
QIY30% (0g/90f/45f/-45g)/(0f/90f/45g/-45f)/(0f/90g/45f/-45f)/(0g/90f/45f/45g)/(0f/90f/45g/-45f)/(0f/90g/45f/-45f)/(90g/0f/0g/0f/90g)/
(-45f/45f/90g/0f)/(-45f/45g/90f/0f)/(-45g/45f/90f/0g)/
(-45f/45f/90g/0f)/(-45f/45g/90f/0f)/(-45g/45f/90f/0g)
QIY50%
(0g/90g/45f/-45g)/(0f/90g/45g/-45f)/(0g/90f/45f/-45g)/
(0f/90g/45g/-45f)/(0g/90f/45f/-45g)/(0f/90g/45g/-45f)/(45g/90f/45g/0g/-45g/90f/45g)/(-45f/45g/90g/0f)/(-45g/45f/90f/0g)/
(-45f/45g/90g/0f)/(-45g/45f/90f/0g)/(-45f/45g/90g/0f)/
(-45g/45f/90g/0g)
QIY74%
(0g/90g/45f/-45g)/(0g/90g/45g/-45f)/(0g/90g/45g/-45g)/
(0f/90g/45g/-45g)/(0g/90f/45g/45g)/(0g/90g/45f/-45g)/
(0g/90g/45g/-45f)/0g/(-45f/45g/90g/0g)/(-45g/45f/90g/0g)/
(-45g/45g/90f/0g)/(-45g/45g/90g/0f)/(-45g/45g/90g/0g)/
(-45f/45g/90g/0g)/(-45g/45f/90g/0g)
NCF-GQI (45/-45)/(0/90)/(45/-45)/(0/90)/(45/-45)/(0/90)/(45/-45)/(0/90)/
(45/-45)/(-45/45)/(90/0)/(-45/45)/(90/0)/(-45/45)/(90/0)/(-45/45)/
(90/0)/(-45/45)
NCF-FQI [0/90/45/-45]4/0/90/[-45/-45/90/0]4
NCF-FH9 [0/9/18/.../342]S
150 g/m2 UD NCF flax fiber provided by B-Comp.
This was infused Epolam 2040 epoxy resin.
For the GFRP samples using prepreg and
autoclave processing, we used a unidirectional
G10000/6510 glass fiber-epoxy prepregs.
The
epoxy resin of the glass fiber and flax fiber prepreg
had similar curing cycles which has enabled the
possibility of designing and manufacturing hybrid
laminates. For the NCF and VA-RTM process, we
used bi-axial NCF E-glass fabrics 302 g/m2
provided
by Saertex GmbH.
Prepreg and autoclave processing - individual
www. sampe.org
13 G / 38 F
45 G / 12 F
/(0g/-9g/-18g/-27g/-36f/-45g/31
G / 24 F
No. plies
61 G
61 G
49 F
49 F
49 F
13 G / 38 F
19 G / 34 F
19 G / 34 F
31 G / 24 F
45 G / 12 F
18 NCF BX G
30 NCF UD F
30 NCF UD F
plies of prepregs were cut into 100 x 100 mm plies
and manually laid up to the configurations shown
in Table 1. The specimens were cured under 7 bars
of pressure. The temperature was raised from room
temperature to 130°C over 1 hour and maintained
for 1.5 hours, and then cooled over 2 hours to room
temperature. The resulting flax specimens and
glass fibre specimens had an average ply thickness
of 0.135 mm and 0.074 mm, respectively.
NCF and VA-RTM - individual fabric plies
were cut to 300 x 300 mm and infused using a
conventional room-temperature curing resin
MARCH APRIL 2023
|
SAMPE JOURNAL |
13
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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023

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