SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 15

Figure 2. Photos of top and back faces of a representative sample (at perforation) for each one of
the configurations tested. Prepreg and autoclave processing.
Figure 3. Photos of top and back
faces of a representative sample
(at perforation) for each one of the
configurations tested. NCF and VARTM.
supported
by a ring support with a 75 mm internal
diameter. Each specimen was impacted with a
20mm hemispherical indenter using a drop-weight
tower. Force vs time data were recorded through
a load cell mounted in proximity of the impactor
tip. Subsequently, the velocity, displacement
and absorbed energy were calculated following
the procedure reported in the ASTM D7136/
D7136M test standard19
. In order to estimate the
perforation energy, each set of 5 samples was
impacted with progressively
increasing energy
until full perforation of the laminate was achieved.
The different impact energies were obtained by
mainly changing the mass of the impactor while
maintaining a narrow range of impact heights. This
www. sampe.org
is to limit the effect of stress waves which becomes
predominant at increasing impact speeds. Hence,
the impact speed was kept within a range of 2,7 and
3.13 m/s. Small adjustment in impact speed were
necessary to fine tune the impact energy aiming at
measuring the perforation threshold.
RESULTS
Table 2 reports mean and max/min values of
peak load, displacement at the peak load, energy
dissipated before the peak load and perforation
energy for the samples tested under LVI. Figure 2
and Figure 3 shows photographs of representative
samples for each configuration taken from the
top and bottom of each sample to highlight
MARCH APRIL 2023
|
SAMPE JOURNAL |
15
http://www.sampe.org

SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023

Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 3
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 4
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 5
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 6
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 7
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 8
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 9
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 10
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 11
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 12
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 13
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 14
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 15
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 16
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 17
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 18
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 19
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 20
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 21
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 22
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 23
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 24
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 25
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 26
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 27
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 28
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 29
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 30
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 31
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 32
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 33
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 34
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 35
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 36
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 37
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 38
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 39
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 40
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 41
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 42
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 43
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 44
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 45
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 46
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 47
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 48
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 49
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 50
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 51
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 52
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 53
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 54
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 55
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 56
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 57
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 58
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 59
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 60
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 61
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 62
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 63
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 64
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 65
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 66
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 67
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 68
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 69
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 70
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 71
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 72
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 73
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 74
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 75
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 76
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 77
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 78
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 79
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 80
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 81
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 82
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 83
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 84
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20241112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20121112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20111112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110102
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com