SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 27

Figure 5. (a) BF-PP, (b) BF-PP-TCF (0/0) and (c) BF-PP-TCF (0/90) failed flexural coupons; SEM
micrographs of (d) BF-PP, e) BF-PP-TCF (0/0) and (f) BF-PP-TCF (0/90) failed flexural couponsillustrating
failure mechanism.
Warpage
Fiber reinforced composites warp due to the
presence of residual stresses induced by differential
coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between
fiber and matrix. In the case of hybrid composites,
the mismatch of CTE between the components
(in the hybrid system) induces residual stress
which results in out-of plane deformation or
warpage and sometime leads to defects such as
delamination without any external loads20
. There
are several factors that affect the residual stress and
warpage including material properties, stacking
sequence, fiber orientation, processing condition,
www. sampe.org
cooling rate and mold design/material20-22. Table 2
summarizes the warpage dimension and direction
of the warp for BF-PP, BF-PP-TCF (0/0) and BFPP-TCF
(0/90) composite panels. No warpage was
observed in BF-PP panel whereas the warpage
for BF-PP-TCF (0/0) and BF-PP-TCF (0/90) was 3
and 11 mm along the fiber and diagonal direction
respectively as presented in the Table 2. The warpage
in TCF ovemolded plate was due to the mismatch of
CTE between the components in the hybrid system
namely, BF (CTE of natural bamboo = 4.2×10-6
PP (CTE=11×10-5/°C24) and TCF (CTE of CF in the
also
/°C23
fiber axial direction=-0.5~-2×10-6
/°C25
).Huang25
MARCH APRIL 2023
|
SAMPE JOURNAL |
27
),

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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023

Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 3
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