SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 34
FEATURE / THERMOSET RESINS AND PERFORMANCE
and the Tg
measured. As seen from Figure 3, the
new DTO vinyl ester resins have Tg's ranging from
94°C to 107°C which indicates that these materials
have good thermal properties. Figure 4 shows that
the DTO vinyl ester resins have excellent boiling
water resistance after 24 hours, and their water
absorptions at 100°C after 24 hours ranged from
1.41% to 1.91% suggesting that they are more
hydrophobic in structures. The hot wet Tg
drop
of 1260 and 1280 were only 5°C after 24 hours in
boiling water (Figure 3).
Bio-Based Reactive
Diluents
and
Flexible
Modifiers
Two additional bio-based vinyl ester resins: GM275
and GM-300 were successfully developed and
characterized that exhibited low viscosity and
high tensile elongation which could be used in the
thermoset formulations as a reactive diluent and/
or flexibility modifier. Their basic properties and
performance data are listed in Table 4 & 5.
Distilled Tall Oil (DTO) Modified Conventional
Vinyl Esters
Conventional vinyl ester resins are generally made
from modified bisphenol A epoxy and methacrylic
acid and contain 30% - 50% styrene to provide
low viscosity, processability, high reactivity and
curing at room temperature. Conventional vinyl
esters are widely used in reinforced composite
industry for many applications due to their
favorable
thermal and mechanical
properties
and corrosion resistance. We incorporated DTO
into the backbone of conventional vinyl esters
to introduce bio-content in the compositions,
reduce styrene content, and improve or maintain
cured properties. As seen in Table 6, compared to
the petroleum-based vinyl ester resin, Interplastic
CORVE 8100, the bio-containing DTO modified
vinyl esters have much lower styrene content,
comparable viscosity and reactivity determined
by SPI gel tests, which indicated that the new biocontaining
vinyl ester resins of GM 400, 425, 450 &
Figure 3. Dry Tg and hot wet Tg of clear casting
samples.
HEATCON.COM
INFO@HEATCON.COM
34 | SAMPE JOURNAL | MARCH APRIL 2023
Figure 4. Water absorption at 100°C for 24 hours.
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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023
Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 3
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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover4
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