SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 35
Table 4. Properties of bio-based resin of GM-275. Table 5. Properties of bio-based resin of GM-300.
Sample ID
Bio-Content (%)
Viscosity @25oC (cps)
NV (%)
Acid Number
Room Temp Gel Time (min)
Tensile Elongation at Break (%)
GM-275
60
74
100
5
34
7.4
Sample ID
Bio-Content (%)
Viscosity @25oC (cps)
NV (%)
Acid Number
Room Temp Gel Time (min)
Glass Transition Temp Tg (o
Tensile Strength (psi)
Table 6. DTO containing vinyl ester resins.
Sample ID
Bio-content*
(%)
GM 400
GM 425
GM 450
GM 475
CORVE 8100
*Based on solid
Table 7. Physical properties of clear casting resins.
Sample ID
Bio-content* (%)
Styrene Content (%)
Tensile Strength (psi)
Tensile Modulus (kpsi)
% Elongation at Break
C)
DMA Tg (o
*Based on solid
475 are more environmentally friendly due lower
styrene and bio-content.
Table 7 summarized the physical and thermal
properties of the clear casting samples of GM
400, 425, 450 & 475 cured with 1.25% MEKP
initiator and 0.15% Cobalt (15%) and 0.15% N,
N-dimethylaniline (DMA) as promoters at room
temperature for overnight, and post-curing for 2
hours at 100ºC. Compared to the petroleum based
commercial vinyl ester resin of CORVE 8100, the
new bio-containing DTO modified resins of GM
450 and GM 475 have better tensile properties, 50%
lower styrene content and over 20% bio-content on
a solid's basis.
CONCLUSIONS
Several new bio-based DTO vinyl ester resins have
been successfully developed and studied. These
new thermoset resins have high bio-contents, no
www. sampe.org
MARCH APRIL 2023
|
SAMPE JOURNAL |
35
styrene or very low styrene in their compositions
and are liquid systems at room temperature with
low to medium viscosity, high reactivity and fully
curable at both ambient and elevated temperatures.
These new materials have excellent surface cure,
no tacky surface and low polymerization shrinkage.
Mechanical properties of the clear cast resins
showed that the new materials have acceptable
strength and modulus, and good glass transition
temperatures to meet many composite application
requirements. In addition, the new materials have
enhanced hydrophobicity and excellent boiling
water resistance. Glass fiber reinforced laminates
and evaluation is on-going.
GM 400 GM 425
20
27
27
26
3104
373
0.92
115
3626
374
1.09
106
20
27
20
24
Styrene
(%)
27
26
26
27
50
C)
Tensile Elongation at Break (%)
Viscosity
(cps)
412
348
570
592
168
SPIG
(min)
13
13
12
12
9
SPIC
(min)
2.3
3.0
3.4
4.5
3.2
SPIP
(o
C)
174
168
162
153
201
GM-300
58
7395
100
14
8
63
2386
2.2
GM 450 GM 475 CORVE 8100
20
26
24
27
4888
335
1.59
108
4750
323
1.58
101
50
4032
351
1.20
126
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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023
Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Contents
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 2
SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - 3
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SAMPE Journal - March/April 2023 - Cover3
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