Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 326
to consumers was an essential mitigation strategy for
minimizing the risk of microbial cross-contamination in
household kitchens. No major gaps in mitigation practices
pertaining to this risk in the retail sector were identified;
although the respondents agreed there were many gaps in
the current risk reduction strategies at the home preparation
stage. In particular, there is an overwhelming lack of
consumer understanding of food safety [BC][SK], no
assumption of responsibility for consumer education, with
heavy reliance on industry to fulfill this aim [MB] and a lack
of understanding of the most effective means for consumer
education [ON]. However, ON mentioned utilization of
creative means (i.e. social media, brochures) to fulfill this aim.
DISCUSSION
Beef processing in Canada represents a multi-faceted,
collaborative effort overseen by provincial and federal
facilities. Because of the pre-destined streams in which beef
undergoes processing, provincial and federal processing
plants differ in their regulatory requirements. In contrast
to federal facilities, provincial meat processing facilities are
primarily governed by the authorities within the province
of distribution, and these requirements may not necessarily
correlate with federal standards.
The goal of this study was to elucidate expert perceptions
of risks within "farm-to-fork" meat processing between provinces, as well as to identify current risk mitigation practices
and limitations within these practices. In particular, limitations of this study included: (i) the small number of respondents we were able to recruit, which led to the exclusion
of information from some provinces, especially in Atlantic
Canada; (ii) the small number of respondents with expertise
in their respective province's beef production processes;
and (iii) interview time constraints (one to two h). In future
work, it would be beneficial to interview a larger subset of
respondents from multiple jurisdictions (e.g., MoA and
MoH) provincially to gain more representative perceptions
of provincial beef production. Further, respondents directly
interacting with retail/food service and consumers (e.g., food
inspectors, public health educators) may be able to provide
a more accurate view of risks toward the end of the farm-tofork continuum.
Each province identified pertinent risks as potentially
detrimental to meat processing within their respective
provinces. It was evident that in no instance was any
respondent completely satisfied with all risk mitigation
strategies in their respective province. Of particular concern
was the absence of risk mitigation strategies in some
provinces - BC (retail sales) and MB (RTE processing) -
despite the associated risk perceptions. Further, provinces
identified and perceived risks differently and cited risk
mitigation strategies and disparities differently, suggesting
that provincially-licenced facilities in Canada vary in their
modes of operation and oversight. For instance, AB perceived
326
Food Protection Trends September/October
risks to be of higher consequence than other provinces,
even when the same risk was identified, likely due to the
economic importance of beef production in Alberta (1).
Further, AB repeatedly identified the presence of multiple
regulatory agencies playing a role in oversight (Table 1) and
noted that this dual presence partially accounted for the lack
of standardized practice within the meat processing industry
in AB. This lack of standardization would be mediated by
harmonizing facility oversight across the multiple agencies
involved. On the other hand, BC and MB indicated their
concerns over lack of inspections and the lack of HACCP
requirements, respectively. Increasing factors such as the
frequency and quality of inspections may help with reducing
food safety risks. Interestingly, ON identified very few
disparities with ON's mitigation strategies, citing adequate
oversight of all food safety aspects by provincial programs
(e.g., emergency management programs) already established.
Overall, the major risks identified across the provinces
related to animal health, SRM, transportation and storage of
diseased animals, microbial contamination, and temperature
abuse (Table 3). The respondents also emphasized the
following recurring disparities present in the provincial risk
mitigation strategies: a lack of standardization due to shared
responsibilities between federal and provincial jurisdictions
[AB], the absence of HACCP requirements for provinciallylicensed facilities [MB], a lack of inspection and/or oversight
[BC][SK], and knowledge limitations of environmental
health officers [BC], highlighting prominent deficiencies to
be addressed in the current provincial risk reduction tactics.
ON did not identify the presence of a recurring disparity
across the farm-to-fork processing continuum.
Efforts to address high priority risks must be executed
by all stakeholders involved in the farm-to-fork continuum,
including all tiers of government, departments, and agencies.
In brief, focusing on such high-priority areas and gaps within
the current risk mitigation strategies (Table 3) at each stage
of the continuum will inevitably lead to positive change in
current efforts. In particular, greater attempts to increase the
health and welfare of animals, while minimizing the dissemination of zoonotic disease agents, might be achieved through
enhanced inspection efforts and continual training for all parties directly involved with processing. Additionally, clarifying
roles between all parties involved in oversight of operations
would lead to the prompt development and implementation
of new policies. This may further assist with standardization
of current and future policies, leading to the establishment of
consistent practices in provincial processing facilities across
Canada. Further, facilitation of information sharing would
enable enhanced coordination of all stakeholders involved
and encourage the timely identification and rectification of
process deficiencies, as well as better anticipation and control
of future problems that could arise. Such shared information
should include the reporting of factors such as: (i) substantial
process deficiencies/non-compliances that may compromise
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017
Contents
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - Contents
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 310
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 311
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 312
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 313
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 314
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 315
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 316
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 317
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 318
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 319
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 320
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 321
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 322
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 323
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 324
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 325
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 326
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 327
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 328
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 329
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 330
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 331
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 332
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 333
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 334
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 335
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 336
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 337
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 338
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 339
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 340
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 341
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 342
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 343
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 344
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 345
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 346
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 347
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 348
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 349
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 350
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 351
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 352
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 353
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 354
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 355
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 356
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 357
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 358
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 359
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 360
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 361
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 362
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 363
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 364
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 365
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 366
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 367
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 368
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 369
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 370
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 371
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 372
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 373
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 374
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 375
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 376
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 377
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 378
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 379
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 380
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 381
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 382
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 383
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - 384
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - September/October 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com