Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 36

facilities for pulses creates an unnecessary burden on industry
for an extremely low food safety risk.
Secondary activities farms can hold, pack, and package
RACs and maintain the farm definition and registration
exemption. Pulse cleaning facilities not located on a farm also
should qualify for the same exemptions as a RAC holding and
cleaning facility that is located on a secondary farm.
For nonfarm FDA-registered pulse cleaning facilities, the FDA
has indicated it will exercise enforcement discretion if the facility
would otherwise qualify as a secondary farm that holds, packs,
packages, or labels RACs that have been dried or dehydrated to
create a distinct commodity (a " processed " food). In addition,
the FDA has indicated it will exercise enforcement discretion if
the facility would otherwise qualify as a secondary farm except
for the ownership of the facility (31).
Temporary waiver of enforcement could be replaced by
updated rules that fully exempt nonfarm pulse cleaning
facilities from GMPs and preventive controls requirements
due to the farm-like nature of activities conducted. There is
technically no difference between a pulse cleaning operation
REFERENCES
1. Anonymous. 2000. Pulse production manual
2000. Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Saskatoon,
SK, Canada.
2. Anonymous. 2016. USA pulses technical
manual. USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council.
American Pulse Association, Moscow, ID.
3. Barker, B. 2018. Post-harvest storage of
pulses. Pulse Advisor. Saskatchewan Pulse
Growers, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
4. Beuchat, L. R. 1978. Food and beverage
mycology. AVI Publishing. Westport, CT.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2020. National outbreak reporting system
(NORS) dashboard. Available at: https://
wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/. Accessed
10 November 2020.
6. Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations. 1994. Definition and
classification of commodities. 4. Pulses
and derived products. Available at: http://
www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.01.
Accessed 12 November 2020.
7. Hall, C., C. Hillen, and J. Garden Robinson.
2017. Composition, nutritional values,
and health benefits of pulses. Cereal Chem.
94:11-31.
8. Hildebrand, H. V., A. Arias, E. Simons, J. Gerdts,
B. Povolo, J. Rothney, and J. L. P. Protudjer. 2021.
Adult and pediatric food allergy to chickpea,
pea, lentil, and lupine: a scoping review.
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 9:290-301.
9. Marler Clark LLP, PS. 2020. Foodborne
illness outbreak database. Available at:
http://www.outbreakdatabase.com/.
Accessed 10 November 2020.
10. McKay, K., P. Miller, B. Jenks, J. Riesselman,
K. Neill, D. Buschena, and A. J. Bussan. 2002.
Growing chickpea in the northern great
plains. Extension Service, North Dakota State
University, Fargo.
11. Merga, B., and J. Haji. 2019. Economic
importance of chickpea: production,
value, and world trade. Cogent Food Agric.
5:1615718.
12. Rahimi, K., A.M. Sani, and E. G. Azizi. 2013.
Effect of thermal treatment on ochratoxin
content of chickpea. Nutr. Food Sci.
43:285-290.
13. Rinehold, J. 2020. Farm-stored grain pests,
p. B1-B2. In C. S. Hollingsworth (ed.), Pacific
Northwest insect management handbook.
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
14. Sedaghati, E., and H. Hokmabadi. 2014.
Safety of food and beverages. Oilseeds and
legumes, p. 331-339. In Y. Motarjemi, G.
Moy, and E. Todd (ed.), Encyclopedia of
food safety, vol. 3. Elsevier, San Diego, CA.
15. Siddiq, M., and M. A. Uebersax. 2013. Dry
beans and pulses: production, processing, and
nutrition, 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA.
16. Specchio, J. J. 2003. Hazards from natural
origins, p. 213-229. In R. H. Schmidt and
G. E. Rodrick (ed.), Food safety handbook.
Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
17. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grain
Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards
Administration, Federal Grain Inspection
Service. 2017. United States standards for
beans. Available at: https://www.gipsa.usda.
gov/fgis/standards/Bean-Standards.pdf.
Accessed 7 December 2020.
18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1984.
Method for peas and beans (canned, frozen,
and dried) (V-104). Macroanalytical
procedures manual. Technical Bulletin #5.
Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/
laboratory-methods-food/mpm-v-11vegetables-and-vegetable-products#Peas%20
and%20Beans.
Accessed 5 November 2020.
19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2014.
Guidance for FDA staff. Compliance policy
guide Sec. 100.250 Food facility registration
- Human and animal food. Available at:
https://www.fda.gov/media/88691/
download. Accessed 17 December 2020.
20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2015.
Current good manufacturing practice,
hazard analysis, and risk-based preventive
controls for human food; final rule. Fed. Reg.
80:55907-56168.
21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2015.
Current good manufacturing practice, hazard
analysis, and risk-based preventive controls
for human food; final rule. Response 25,
80 FR 55908 at 55927-55929. Fed. Reg.
80:55907-56168.
22. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2015.
Current good manufacturing practice, hazard
analysis, and risk-based preventive controls
for food for animals; final rule. Fed. Reg.
80:56170-56356.
23. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2015.
Current good manufacturing practice, hazard
analysis, and risk-based preventive controls
for food for animals; final rule. Response 115,
80 FR 56170 at 56213. Fed. Reg. 80:56170-
56356.
located on a farm and that of an operation located on a
different nonfarm plot of land, besides ownership of the
commodity being cleaned and the business structure of the
facility owner. The type of food and activities performed on
the crop after harvest, rather than ownership and location of
farms and facilities, better prescribe the extent of needed food
safety regulations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank the following individuals and organizations for their
support and contributions to this paper: Pacific Northwest
Farmers' Cooperative, Genesee, ID; USA Dry Pea and Lentil
Council/American Pulse Association, Moscow, ID; University
of Idaho, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Moscow;
Howard Nelson, Highline Grain Growers, Inc., Reardan,
WA; Dr. Mark Daeschel, Professor Emeritus, Department
of Food Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis; Laura
Grunenfelder and Gordon Davidson, FDA; Jeff Fereday, Boise,
ID; and Charles Breen, Senior FDA Regulatory Consultant,
CMBreen LLC, Seattle, WA.
36
Food Protection Trends January/February

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/mpm-v-11-vegetables-and-vegetable-products#Peas%20and%20Beans https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/mpm-v-11-vegetables-and-vegetable-products#Peas%20and%20Beans https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/mpm-v-11-vegetables-and-vegetable-products#Peas%20and%20Beans https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/mpm-v-11-vegetables-and-vegetable-products#Peas%20and%20Beans https://www.fda.gov/media/88691/ https://wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/ https://wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/ http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.01 http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.01 https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/fgis/standards/Bean-Standards.pdf http://www.outbreakdatabase.com/ https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/fgis/standards/Bean-Standards.pdf

Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022