TABLE 1. Selected surfaces for biofilm sampling (12) G. thermodenitrificans DSM 465T 316 L Stainless steel Polycarbonate 316 L Stainless steel A. kamchatkensis subsp. asaccharedens F81 Polypropylene G. thermoglucosidans B84a 316 L Stainless steel Polycarbonate A. flavithermus DSM 2641T PVC Polycarbonate TABLE 2. CIP agents used in this study Sanitation agents Brands and CAT no. Agents that affect carbohydrates Sodium metaperiodate From literature From study Buffer Treatment temp Sigma 71859 Sigma 27242 Sigma L-7651 Contact time Reference 50 mM Agents that cause precipitation of macromolecules Trichloroacetic acid Agents that cause membrane lysis Lysozyme Agents that cause protein denaturation Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) Trypsin Pro-oxidants Potassium monopersulfate (PMS) Sodium thiosulfate Sigma 228036 Sigma 72049 Antibacterial and bacteriocidal agent Nisin SF (serum 1 mg/ml 9 mg/ml 2 mg/ml 10 mg/ml physiologic 0.85% NaCl in dH2 O) Sigma N5764 22°C 22°C 30 min 5 min (23) 100 mM dH2 O 22°C 60 min (23) 10% 10% dH2 O 100°C 15 min (23) 2% 2% 10 mM Tris-HCl 37°C 60 min (23) Sigma L-5750 Sigma T2600000 2% 2% 3% 3% dH2 O 50 mM Tris-HCl 100°C 37°C 10 min 3 h (23) (23) 1 mg/ml 2 mg/ml 0.02 N HCl 37°C 24 h (2) Continued on next page 40 Food Protection Trends January/February