Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 45

Figure 3. 3D CLSM sections of thermophilic biofilms developed for 18 h at 60°C under dynamic conditions (green fluorescence, live cells; red
fluorescence, dead cells; yellow fluorescence, eDNA). (A) Biofilm formed by G. thermodenitrificans DSM 465T
on stainless steel (SS) surface.
Live cells and eDNA content embedded in matrix (M, microcolonies; C, cell with endospores). (B) Vegetative cells in the biofilm matrix of
DSM 465T
. (C) Dead cells (DC) in biofilm matrix (DSM 465T
on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface. (E) Live cells in the biofilm matrix of A. flavithermus DSM 2641T
Biofilm of A. kamchatkensis subsp. asaccharedens F81 on polypropylene surface.
) after lysozyme treatment. (D) 18-h-old biofilm of A. flavithermus DSM 2641T
on polycarbonate (PC) surface. (F)
TABLE 4. The most effective chemical and enzymatic agents selected against biofilms
sampled under dynamic conditions
Strain
G. thermodenitrificans DSM 465T
G. thermoglucosidans B84a
A. kamchatkensis subsp. asaccharedens F81
A. flavithermus DSM 2641T
Selected agents
2% lysozyme
100 mM sodium metaperiodate
10% TCA
3% trypsin
3% SDS
1 mg/ml nisin
10% TCA
3% SDS
the inability to remove organic and inorganic components
in the matrix composition facilitates the attachment of new
colonizers to surfaces. Protein components are more dominant
in the biofilm composition of thermophilic bacilli used
in our study (unpublished data), so more satisfactory biofilm
eradication results were obtained with the use of agents such
as TCA, SDS, trypsin, and alkaline protease (subtilisin) (32).
Caustic (alkaline) wash, the preferred sanitation method in the
dairy industry, allows the removal of protein and carbohydrate
residues (29).
It is important to understand the nature of thermophilic
biofilms and choose appropriate strategies to address the
problems that thermophilic bacilli and biofilms can cause in
Treatment conditions
37°C, 60 min
22°C, 60 min
100°C, 15 min
37°C, 3 h
100°C, 10 min
37°C, 24 h
100°C, 15 min
100°C, 10 min
the dairy industry. It appears that the biofilm removal capacities
of protease and cellulase are similar to those of nonenzymatic
agents such as SDS and TCA. Cellulase enzyme treatment
showed the highest efficacy against the biofilm of A. kamchatkensissubsp.
asaccharedens F81 (89%) and G. thermoglucosidans B84a
(99.5%), which had high carbohydrate content. Enzymes such
as alkaline protease and amylase, which can successfully
eradicate thermophilic biofilms, may be active under extreme
conditions (high temperature, alkaline environment).
Considering the high temperatures at which dairy products
are processed, it is appropriate to prefer thermostable enzymes
to remove thermophilic biofilms.
January/February Food Protection Trends
45

Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022

Evaluation of Self-Efficacy-Based Intervention: Improving School Food Handlers’ Selected Food Safety Behavior
The Safety and Regulation of Chickpeas, Lentils, and Field Peas in Farming and Post-Harvest Operations
Evaluation of Clean-in-Place Agents on the Removal of Thermophilic Biofilms Formed under Partially Simulated Conditions Associated with the Dairy Industry
Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in “Soupie,” a Homemade Soppressata
Beyond the Bio Yuhuan Chen
PDG Highlight The Dairy Quality and Safety Professional Development Group
General Interest Article An Examination of the Acidified Foods Rule with Regard to the Acid versus Acidified Foods Classification
Industry Products
Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 1
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 2
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 3
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 4
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 5
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 6
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 7
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Evaluation of Self-Efficacy-Based Intervention: Improving School Food Handlers’ Selected Food Safety Behavior
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 9
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 10
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 11
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 12
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 13
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 14
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 15
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 16
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 17
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 18
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 19
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 20
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 21
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - The Safety and Regulation of Chickpeas, Lentils, and Field Peas in Farming and Post-Harvest Operations
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 23
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 24
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 25
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 26
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 27
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 28
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 29
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 30
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 31
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 32
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 33
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 34
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 35
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 36
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 37
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Evaluation of Clean-in-Place Agents on the Removal of Thermophilic Biofilms Formed under Partially Simulated Conditions Associated with the Dairy Industry
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 39
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 40
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 41
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 42
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 43
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 44
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 45
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 46
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 47
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in “Soupie,” a Homemade Soppressata
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 49
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 50
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 51
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 52
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 53
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 54
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 55
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 56
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 57
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 58
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 59
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 60
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 61
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 62
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 63
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 64
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 65
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 66
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 67
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 68
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 69
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 70
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 71
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 72
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 73
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 74
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 75
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 76
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 77
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Beyond the Bio Yuhuan Chen
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 79
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 80
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - PDG Highlight The Dairy Quality and Safety Professional Development Group
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - General Interest Article An Examination of the Acidified Foods Rule with Regard to the Acid versus Acidified Foods Classification
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 83
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 84
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 85
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 86
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 87
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 89
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 90
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - 91
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - January/February 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/trilix/fpt_200807
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com