Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 147
1.2 acres (4,856.2 m2
), ranging from 0.1 to 2 acres (405 to
8,094 m2). Crops, other than strawberries, such as tomatoes,
squash, pumpkin, and apples, were grown on 95% of farms.
The plasticulture method was used by all farms for strawberry
production, with a greenhouse system used by three farms,
and matted row, high tunnel, and low tunnel methods used
by one farm each. The U-pick operations were common
on most (70%, n = 14) farms, and further processing of
strawberries was conducted on four farms.
PA associated with implementation of worker hygiene
practices
Nineteen (95%) farms had bathrooms with 18 (95%) of
the 19 located within 0.25 mi (0.40 km) of the working area.
All were adequate (one toilet per 20 workers) (72), having
visibly clean toilets and appropriate toiletry resources, such
as toilet paper (100%, n = 19), trash receptacles (89%, n =
17), and potable running water (84%, n = 16). Nearly half
(47%, n = 9) had workers use toilets in the grower's home
(in-house toilets) (Table 2).
Nearly all (95%; n = 19) of the 20 farms had HWS located
within 0.25 mi (0.40 km) of the working area. All were adequate
(one HWS per 20 workers) (72). On over half (58%,
n = 11) of the farms, HWS were attached to the bathroom.
All (100%, n = 19) had necessary tools to wash hands (e.g.,
potable running water and soap). The presence of single-use
paper towels or hand dryers were reported on 18 farms, and
all (100%) had single-use paper towels or hand dryers (Table
2). Additional clothing (e.g., gloves, face masks, and boots or
shoe covers) were provided to workers on 14 (70%) farms,
with gloves the most (93%, n = 13) commonly provided item
(Table 2). Only one farm (5%) had a body fluid spill kit.
PA associated with implementation of agricultural water
practices
All 20 (100%) strawberry farms used a drip irrigation
system, and 17 (89%) had backflow devices installed on water
distribution systems. Most farms used groundwater, followed
by municipal water and surface water as the preharvest water
source (Fig. 1). The majority (60%, n = 12) used only one
preharvest water source, while the remaining eight (40%) used
two water sources. Only a few treated groundwater or surface
water before irrigation (31%, n = 5), frost protection (33%, n
= 1), pesticide application (18%, n = 2), fertigation (25%, n
= 4), and handwashing (groundwater; 27%, n = 3) (Table 3).
The most common water treatment method was filtration (e.g.,
sand filters, screen filters) (Table 3). Additionally, half (50%, n
= 8) of the 16 farms that used groundwater or surface water did
not test the water for microbiological quality.
PA associated with implementation of animal control
practices
Of the 20 farms, nearly half (45%, n = 9) raised livestock;
none raised working animals. On six (67%) of these nine
farms, livestock enclosures were located at a safe distance
(>50 ft or 15.24 m) from production fields, while livestock
enclosures on the remaining three (33%) farms were not.
Distances between livestock enclosures and water sources
were reported on only six farms (67%), and the water sources
for all six (100%) were at a safe distance. Nearly all (90%,
n = 18) had one or more preventive measures for animal
intrusion, with fences being used on all 18 farms (100%)
(Table 2). Most farms had no indicators of domesticated
animals (95%, n = 18), such as pets, livestock, and working
animals, or wild animals (63%, n = 12). Indications of animal
intrusion were documented for a few farms, including foot
tracks (40%, n = 8), feces (15%, n = 3), and trampling (15%,
n = 3) (Table 2).
PA associated with implementation of BSAAO practices
Only 4 (20%) of 20 farms used BSAAO for strawberry
production. Of these four farms, three (75%) used a safe
BSAAO source (Table 2). All four (100%) obtained BSAAO
from a supplier, rather than producing it on farm. Three (75%)
farms had a separate vehicle for BSAAO transportation,
and two (50%) had a designated storage space for BSAAO
handling tools. BSAAO were stored on three (75%) farms
with established contamination preventive measures (Table
2). However, BSAAO storage areas were not located at a safe
distance (>250 ft or 76.2 m) from strawberry production fields
or water sources on two of four (50%) farms.
PA associated with implementation of harvesting
and packing practices
Less than half (40%, n = 8) of the 20 farms had harvest
carts for strawberry harvesting (Table 2). Of those eight
farms, harvest carts were cleaned at seven (88%) of the farms
and sanitized at two (25%) farms (Table 2). Of the 20 farms,
the most (95%, n = 19) common harvest containers were
buckets or pails, followed by boxes or bins (35%, n = 7), and
clamshells (25%, n = 5). The strawberry packing method was
reported on 17 farms. Of these 17 farms, most (76%, n = 13)
used the field packing method, and 6 (35%) used an on-farm
packing facility designated for strawberry packing.
PA associated with implementation of storage,
transportation, and miscellaneous attributes
Nine (45%) of 20 farms stored packed strawberries on
site. In addition, less than half (45%, n = 9) transported
packed strawberries, and only five (56%) of these nine
farms used a separate transport vehicle for produce
transportation. Food safety signage communicating RMP,
such as proper handwashing signage and visitor policy
posters, was posted on over half (55%, n = 11) of the 20
farms. Of these, the type of food safety signage was reported
on nine (82%) farms, and signage related to proper
handwashing, proper strawberry handling, and visitor
policies were observed on those nine farms.
March/April Food Protection Trends 147
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023
Perceptions of Risk, Control, and Responsibility Regarding Food Safety among Consumers in Lebanon
Fresh Produce Harvesting Equipment – A Review of Cleaning and Sanitizing Practices and Related Science
Assessing Physical Attributes Associated with Implementation of Risk Management Practices among Small Strawberry Farms
Evaluating Misinformation on YouTube about Washing Produce Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Minimally Processed Vegetables: Consumer Profile, Consumption Habits, and Perceptions of Microbiological Risk
Beyond the Bio
PDG Highlight
Industry Products
Letter to the Editor
Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Cover1
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Cover2
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 105
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 106
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 107
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 108
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 109
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 110
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 111
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Perceptions of Risk, Control, and Responsibility Regarding Food Safety among Consumers in Lebanon
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 113
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 114
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 115
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 116
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 117
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 118
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 119
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 120
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 121
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 122
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 123
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 124
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 125
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Fresh Produce Harvesting Equipment – A Review of Cleaning and Sanitizing Practices and Related Science
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 127
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 128
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 129
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 130
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 131
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 132
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 133
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 134
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 135
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 136
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 137
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 138
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 139
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 140
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 141
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 142
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 143
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Assessing Physical Attributes Associated with Implementation of Risk Management Practices among Small Strawberry Farms
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 145
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 146
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 147
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 148
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 149
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 150
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 151
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 152
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 153
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 154
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 155
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 156
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 157
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 158
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 159
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 160
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Evaluating Misinformation on YouTube about Washing Produce Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 162
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 163
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 164
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 165
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 166
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Minimally Processed Vegetables: Consumer Profile, Consumption Habits, and Perceptions of Microbiological Risk
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 168
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 169
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 170
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 171
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 172
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 173
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 174
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 175
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 176
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 177
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 178
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 179
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Beyond the Bio
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 181
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 182
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - PDG Highlight
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 184
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 185
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 186
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 187
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Industry Products
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 189
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 190
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 191
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 192
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Letter to the Editor
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 194
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 195
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 196
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 197
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 198
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - 199
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Coming Events
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Cover3
Food Protection Trends - March/April 2023 - Cover4
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