Washington Monthly - September/October 2022 - 121
per year over the last three years. We focused on these income
categories because of our interest in affordability for
students from lower- to middle-income families. Net price
counted for 16.66 percent of the social mobility score.
We returned to a preferred previous earnings measure
due to changes in the College Scorecard. We used the share
of students who earned at least 150 percent of the federal
poverty line three years after graduating from college last
year, but went back to using actual versus predicted earnings
of students 10 years after college entry (using just two
cohorts of data) this year. This captures the outcomes of
graduates as well as dropouts. This metric is worth 16.66
percent of the social mobility score. The other financial
success metric is the student loan repayment rate, which is
the percentage of dollars borrowed that are still outstanding
five years after leaving college, with lower rates being
better than higher rates. Rates above 100 percent mean
that students have had more interest accumulate on their
loans than they have been able to repay, while rates below
100 percent reflect students being able to make a dent
in the loan's principal. We use the raw repayment rate for
8.33 percent of the social mobility score and a regressionadjusted
repayment rate (using the same predictors as the
graduation rate metric) for another 8.33 percent.
The research score for national universities is based on
five measurements (from the Center for Measuring University
Performance and the National Science Foundation):
the total amount of an institution's research spending; the
number of science and engineering PhDs awarded by the
university; the number of undergraduate alumni who have
gone on to receive a PhD in any subject, relative to the
size of the college; the number of faculty receiving prestigious
awards, relative to the number of full-time faculty;
and the number of faculty in the National Academies, relative
to the number of full-time faculty. For national universities,
we weighted each of these components equally to
determine a college's final score in the category. For liberal
arts colleges, master's universities, and bachelor's colleges,
which do not have extensive doctoral programs, science
and engineering PhDs were excluded and we gave double
weight to the number of alumni who go on to get PhDs.
Faculty awards and National Academies membership were
not included in the research score for these institutions because
such data is available for only a relative handful of
these colleges.
We determined the community service score by measuring
each college's performance across a range of measures.
We compiled AmeriCorps and Peace Corps data into
a combined metric. We used an indicator for whether a college
currently provides at least some matching funds for undergraduate
students who had received a Segal AmeriCorps
Education Award for having completed national service (two
points) and a standardized measure of the share of students
receiving Segal awards. We divided the number of alumni
currently serving in the Peace Corps by total enrollment, using
pre-pandemic data due to the program's suspension.
We judged military service by collecting data on the
size of each college's Air Force, Army, and Navy ROTC programs
and dividing by the number of students. We used
the percentage of federal work-study grant money spent
on community service projects as a measure of how much
colleges prioritize community service; this is based on data
provided by the Corporation for National and Community
Service. Each of these three measures was standardized using
a three-year rolling average.
We added a measure for whether a college received the
Carnegie Community Engagement Classification, with listed
colleges receiving two points. This classification, which
is housed at Albion College, rewards colleges that provide
documentation of their institutional mission and broader
public engagement. We used a measure of voting engagement
using data from the National Study of Learning, Voting,
and Engagement (NSLVE) at Tufts University and the
ALL IN Campus Democracy Challenge. Colleges could earn
up to six points for fulfilling each of six criteria. They could
receive one point for being currently enrolled in NSLVE and
up to two points for making their NSLVE survey data publicly
available through ALL IN in 2018 or 2020 (one point for
each year). They could receive up to two points for creating
an action plan through the ALL IN Campus Democracy
Challenge in 2020 or 2022 (one point for each year). A
college earned one point for having a student voter registration
rate above 85 percent in 2020. Finally, we added a
new measure of the percentage of all degrees awarded in
health, education, and social work to reward colleges that
produce leaders in socially valuable fields that are not always
highly paid.
We compared our rankings to the U.S. Department of
Education's list of colleges subject to the most severe level
of heightened cash monitoring, which indicates that a
college is facing significant financial problems or has other
serious issues that need to be addressed. Five colleges
(Bacone College in Oklahoma, Cheyney University in Pennsylvania,
Ecclesia College in Arkansas, Southwestern Christian
University in Oklahoma, and Wiley College in Texas)
were on that list as of March 2022. We kept these colleges
in our rankings, but denoted them with ^ to draw this concern
to readers' attention. Finally, we checked a random
sample of colleges to see if they had any serious issues that
had been exposed in recent news coverage. No institution
had concerns that rose to the level of us removing them
from our rankings. -Eds.
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