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Feature Protecting Lithium Batteries and Battery Packs from Runaway Thermal Events BS&B Safety Systems The market for lithium batteries and battery packs is booming. With extensive applications in automotive, IT, aerospace, consumer electronics and a myriad of industrial sectors, the usage of rechargeable lithium batteries is growing throughout the world. The market for lithium-ion batteries alone is expected to exceed $30 billion in the next few years. Unfortunately, the high energy storage capacity that we all want from lithium batteries has a more "explosive" side, as evidenced by news reports of exploding laptops and electric vehicle fires some years back with early adopters of the technology. The highly reactive chemistry of a lithium battery is carefully managed by design and control features within the individual cell and in the collection of individual cells that comprises a custom battery pack to fit an application. Under extreme abuse conditions, it is possible for damaged or malfunctioning components, short circuits, or other events to start a thermal runaway process that develops a rapidly rising pressure, leading to an explosive release of that pressure from a cell having a durable metal enclosure. To achieve the required power output of an application, individual battery cells are combined into a single, turnkey energy pack such as those used in electric vehicles. If an individual cell within a pack is compromised and overheats or causes a fire, it can then cause a similar reaction in adjacent cells requiring that battery pack to be vented. To optimize application safety, lithium battery manufacturers provide protective design and control features as well as last resort venting mechanisms for each metallic cell, as well as for battery packs. Traditional pressure relief techniques used in legacy battery designs, such as crimped seals or seams in the battery can that will open to relieve pressure, are significantly less reliable with next generation low mass / high energy lithium chemistry cells and battery packs. This has left battery manufacturers searching to pro- 8 Battery Power * Fall 2016 vide more reliable, stable pressure relief technology at the low pressures demanded for low mass battery and battery pack products. Global Expansion of the Lithium Battery Market Interest in using battery technology alongside energy conservation and renewable resources has become so widespread that electric car sales and home back up power sales are soaring and are likely to fuel the future. Among the paramount fully-electric vehicle manufacturers, Tesla Motors has enjoyed dramatic success with its Model S sedan, which is powered by more than 7,000 recent technology lithium-ion battery cells bundled into packs. As battery manufacturers continue to innovate spurred by the growth in consumer demand, higher energy combined with lower mass is the guiding design principle for the next generation of lithium-ion cells. Less visible applications will also comprise the mass deployment of next generation lithium-ion cell and battery pack technology. The use of lithium-based batteries is in industries where electric motors are used to lift and drop heavy objects, or where standby power is needed for critical applications, such as in medical suites and data centers. The rechargeable capability of next generation lithium-ion cells allows energy consumed to lift, such as a shipping container, to be recovered when the container is dropped back to ground level. Global demand is escalating rapidly, in particular due to new initiatives from the Chinese government that are driving the move toward electric vehicles as a national strategy and challenging the historic dominance of Japanese manufacturers in the lithium battery industry. Energy being of strategic importance, this Asian lead is being increasingly balanced by a fast pace of development in the North America and most recently in Europe. www.BatteryPowerOnline.com http://www.BatteryPowerOnline.com

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Battery Power - Fall 2016

Improving Lithium-Ion Battery for Future Energy Storage Needs
Protecting Lithium Batteries and Battery Packs from Runaway Thermal Events
Sorting Busbar Choices for Electric Vehicle Power Distribution
2016 Battery Power Resource Guide
Battery Power - Fall 2016 - Cover1
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Battery Power - Fall 2016 - Improving Lithium-Ion Battery for Future Energy Storage Needs
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Battery Power - Fall 2016 - Protecting Lithium Batteries and Battery Packs from Runaway Thermal Events
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Battery Power - Fall 2016 - Sorting Busbar Choices for Electric Vehicle Power Distribution
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