Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 7
FEATURE ARTICLE
been made to develop magnets that do not use these metals.
Production volumes of neodymium are relatively high among
rare earths, but there are concerns that shortages will develop as
electrified vehicles, including hybrid and battery electric vehicles,
become increasingly popular in the future.
To overcome these issues, Toyota undertook development of
technologies that can both eliminate the use of terbium and dysprosium and reduce the amount of neodymium used. Through
substitution of neodymium with lanthanum and cerium, which are
abundant and low-cost rare earths, high heat resistance can be
maintained and loss of coercivity minimized.
Another key technology development is a two-layered high-performance grain surface. In a conventional neodymium magnet,
neodymium is spread evenly within the grains of the magnet, and
in many cases, the neodymium used is more than the necessary
amount to maintain coercivity. Thus, it is possible to efficiently
use neodymium by increasing the neodymium concentration on
the surface of the magnet grains, which is necessary to increase
coercivity, and decreasing the concentration in the grain core.
This results in the reduction of the overall amount of neodymium
used in the new magnet.
Use of rare earths in neodymium magnets
Three key factors
The newly developed magnet can maintain coercivity even at
high temperatures because of the combination of the three new
technologies: grain refinement of magnet; two-layered high-performance grain surface; and specific alloying ratio of lanthanum
and cerium.
Grain refinement
With grain refinement, It is now possible to retain high coercivity at high temperatures through the reduction of the size of the
magnet grains to one-tenth or less of those found in conventional
neodymium magnets and the enlargement of the grain boundary
area.
Two-layered high-performance grain surface
www.MagneticsMag.com
Specific ratio of lanthanum and cerium
The third key factor has been to achieve an optimal ratio of
lanthanum and cerium. If neodymium is simply alloyed with
lanthanum and cerium, its performance properties such as heat
resistance and coercivity decline substantially, complicating the
use of light rare earths. As a result of the evaluation of various
alloys, Toyota discovered a specific ratio at which lanthanum and
cerium, both abundant and low-cost rare earths, can be alloyed
so that the deterioration of properties is suppressed.
Electron microscope image and composition analysis mapping image
By simultaneously incorporating all three key technologies, Toyota has been able to develop its world-first neodymium-reduced,
heat resistant magnet.
Heat-resistance performance
July/August 2019 * Magnetics Business & Technology
7
http://www.MagneticsMag.com
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019
Contents
ABB Powers Tourists to Niagara Falls with First US-Built All-Electric Vessels, Equipped with Both Permanent- Magnet and Inductive-Magnet Thruster Motors
Toyota Develops New Magnet for Electric Motors Aiming to Reduce Use of Critical Rare-Earth Element by Up to 50%
Race to Develop Electric-Powered Autonomous Aircraft Opening New Market for Permanent-Magnet Motors
Tech Tips: The Economics of a Transformer
Editor’s Choice/ Features
Research & Development
Product News
Industry News
Resource Guide
Marketplace/ Advertising Index
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Cover2
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Contents
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Editor’s Choice/ Features
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 5
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Toyota Develops New Magnet for Electric Motors Aiming to Reduce Use of Critical Rare-Earth Element by Up to 50%
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 7
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 8
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 9
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 10
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 11
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 12
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 13
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Race to Develop Electric-Powered Autonomous Aircraft Opening New Market for Permanent-Magnet Motors
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 15
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Research & Development
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 17
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Product News
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 19
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 20
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 21
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Industry News
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 23
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 24
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 25
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Resource Guide
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 27
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 28
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 29
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 30
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 31
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 32
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 33
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 34
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 35
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Marketplace/ Advertising Index
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 37
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - 38
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Cover3
Magnetics Business & Technology - July/August 2019 - Cover4
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