COVID-19 Report - 11
FIGURE 1: PATHOGEN FLOW AT THE
WILDLIFE-LIVESTOCK-HUMAN INTERFACE
infecting people quadrupling over the same time period.14
These increases are driven by more frequent contact between
humans and dangerous animal pathogens, as well as by
contact with a wider variety of species, resulting in the
emergence of new forms of diseases in humans. These new
zoonotic diseases have posed a grave threat to human health
around the world, causing global pandemics such as HIV/
AIDS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Swine
Flu, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola and
currently COVID-19.15
DOMINATED SYST
E
R
EM
U
S
NAT
Peridomestic
Livestock
Humans
The increase in zoonotic outbreaks is a symptom of
a broken relationship between humans and nature,
and is likely to worsen. As population pressures mount,
people increasingly encroach into natural ecosystems,
resulting in accelerating levels of contact between humans,
wildlife and livestock. This results in additional exposure to
new animal pathogens and creates dangerous conditions for
spillover from one species to another. As the natural world
continues to be degraded, the risk of deadly new zoonotic
diseases emerging becomes higher than ever before.
Wildlife
HUMAN-DOMINATED
SYSTEMS
FIGURE 2: THE CUMULATIVE DISCOVERY OF VIRUS
SPECIES KNOWN TO INFECT PEOPLE
MERS
Hendra
SARS
Cumulative number of virus species
200
HIV
150
Zika
100
COVID-19
Avian flu
H5N1
50
1920
1940
1960
Nipah
1980
Swine flu
H1N1
2000
Ebola
2020
Year
11
COVID-19 Report
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of COVID-19 Report
Contents
COVID-19 Report - 1
COVID-19 Report - 2
COVID-19 Report - Contents
COVID-19 Report - 4
COVID-19 Report - 5
COVID-19 Report - 6
COVID-19 Report - 7
COVID-19 Report - 8
COVID-19 Report - 9
COVID-19 Report - 10
COVID-19 Report - 11
COVID-19 Report - 12
COVID-19 Report - 13
COVID-19 Report - 14
COVID-19 Report - 15
COVID-19 Report - 16
COVID-19 Report - 17
COVID-19 Report - 18
COVID-19 Report - 19
COVID-19 Report - 20
COVID-19 Report - 21
COVID-19 Report - 22
COVID-19 Report - 23
COVID-19 Report - 24
COVID-19 Report - 25
COVID-19 Report - 26
COVID-19 Report - 27
COVID-19 Report - 28
COVID-19 Report - 29
COVID-19 Report - 30
COVID-19 Report - 31
COVID-19 Report - 32
COVID-19 Report - 33
COVID-19 Report - 34
COVID-19 Report - 35
COVID-19 Report - 36
COVID-19 Report - 37
COVID-19 Report - 38
COVID-19 Report - 39
COVID-19 Report - 40
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2023
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2022
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2021
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/tcops
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/60th_anniversary
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2020
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/freshwater_fishes_report
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/ghost_gear_report
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/covid19_report
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2019
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2018
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/livingplanet_summary
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/livingplanet_full
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/conversation_strategy
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2017
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2015
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2013
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013-de
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013-fr
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwf_france/rapport_dactivite_2011-2012
http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/annualreview2012
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com