Automotive Engineering - May 2021 - 20
Permanent-magnet
synchronous motor
stators in production at
General Motors' Pontiac facility.
Modelbased
analysis
of e-motor
designs
Observing the magnetic field distribution, electromagnetic torque, and iron loss
distribution allows engineers to optimize specific performance with minimal
weight and material costs.
Model setup
The schematic of the PMM shows the essential elements of the machine. From the modeling and simulation perspective, there are four
20 May 2021
main constituents: the stator iron, rotor iron, rotor permanent magnets, and the stator coils. The stator excitation usually consists of three phases: A, B, and C.
The excitation pattern shown in the schematic is just
one of the ways in which a 12-slot, 10-pole machine
can be excited.
The arrowhead notation has been used to depict the
direction of current in the stator coils. The arrowhead
(dot) implies current flowing out of the paper, while
the arrow tail (cross) implies current flow into the
plane of the paper.
Stator excitation
The PMM rotates by synchronizing the stator excitation with the rotor position, considering the field produced by the rotor permanent magnets. The interaction between the fields of the stator teeth and the
rotor magnets generates the net unidirectional torque,
which causes a synchronous rotation. As the rotor
speeds up, the excitation frequency of the stator is
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
GM
I
n the auto industry's shift toward electric vehicles (EV), permanent
magnet motors (PMMs) are increasingly serving a variety of roles,
including the vehicle's traction motor and various subsystems. PMMs
offer many advantages compared to brushed DC or induction machines, including a higher power density and torque-to-weight ratio.
They are more durable, as they do not make use of brushes. There is a
pre-excitation by permanent magnets, which results in a higher efficiency. And because they are electronically controlled, PMMs offer fast response. They're key to the impressive acceleration rates - as swift as
0-60 mph in less than two seconds - being achieved by some EVs.
Simulation is a critical tool for e-machine design and analysis. In
this article, we discuss a model of a PMM with 12 slots and 10 poles,
analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The machine model
has an 80-mm (3.15-in) axial length and 35-mm (1.37-in.) outer diameter. The model featured here can be used to study motors or generators by modifying the conditions for the inputs.
by Dr. Rahul Bhat
Automotive Engineering - May 2021
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