Truck & Off-Highway Engineering - April 2021 - 21

POWERTRAIN FEATURE

" The 350V P3 configuration provides the maximum fuel-consumption
benefit across the complete range of payback period considered...
The 48V P3 mild hybrid shows the lowest cost of ownership at
the 8-year mark. " - FEV North America study
limited due to the gear ratio limit of 8:1, which therefore
limits the maximum power capability.
In the 48V configuration, the P2 and P3 configurations demonstrate a similar fuel consumption benefit. In
both configurations (P2 and P3), the motor rated power
is limited to 8.9 kW. If a motor with higher rated power
is applied in the P3 configuration, it results in improved
FC reduction, but the two-year payback period criteria
is not satisfied. Even though both 48V P2 and P3 configurations show similar FC benefit, the P3 solution is
preferred due to the lower battery capacity and therefore a lower payback period of less than one year.
Further comparison of the total added weight and
cost for the two P3 configurations reveals that the 48V
mild-hybrid solutions result in a much lower initial investment of less than $2,000 compared to more than

$4,000 for the full hybrid. Another advantage of the 48V mild-hybrid
application is the lower payload penalty due to negligible increase in
added weight (Figure 4).
Figure 5 compares the CO2 reduction and freight-ton efficiency
improvement for the four unique 48V configurations shown in Figure
3, along with all four full-hybrid configurations with a two-year payback period. The highest CO2 reduction of 24% is achieved with the
P3 full-hybrid configuration; however, the P3 48V configuration also
shows an 18% reduction in CO2 emissions. When considering the
Phase-2 GHG regulations for Class 6-7 urban vocational applications,
highlighted in Figure 6, a 48V P3 configuration is capable of achieving the CO2 reduction targets.
The freight-ton efficiency improvements also show a similar trend as
the CO2 reduction, where the P3 350V full hybrid shows the largest
improvement, at 33%, for the full-hybrid configurations. A 48V mildhybrid system provides a 24% freight-ton efficiency improvement.

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Truck & Off-Highway Engineering - April 2021

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