SAE Update - April 2022 - 45

pUBLiCAtionS
Drive-by-wire is subject of new SAE publication
" Every day brings new automotive headlines
regarding automated driving systems (ADS), which
could lead many observers to think that autonomy is
right around the corner. "
Thus begins the introductory section of the new
Downloaded from SAE International by SAE International [Sales Team], Tuesday, February 15, 2022
SAE EDGE Research Report, " Unsettled Issues in
Drive-by-Wire and Automated Driving System
Availability, " authored by 2021 SAE President Jeff
Hemphill. Completing the introduction, he writes:
" However, there are many unsettled issues. One
such issue is availability, or how the vehicle behaves in
the event of a failure of one of its systems, including
those with the latest " by-wire " technologies. Handling
of failures at a technical actuation level could involve
many aspects: time of operation after first fault,
function/performance after first fault, and exposure
after first fault. All of these and other issues are
affected by software and mechanical and electronic
hardware (including connectors). In every system,
changes to one component affect the functionality of
others, so a systems approach is necessary.
" Availability is an issue in several environments with
different implications. Vehicles at Levels 3, 4, and 5-
on the continuum from Level 0 to full Level 5
automated driving features as defined by the SAE
J3016 Levels of Driving Automation-are key to the
discussion (Figure 1). Furthermore, these issues are
being explored throughout the world, so there is an
opportunity to share lessons and best practices from
different regions.
" The term " by-wire " can encompass many
automotive systems. At the highest level, systems
have been described as " x-by-wire, " but the more
specific terms include " shift-by-wire, " " suspension-bywire, "
" throttle- or drive-by-wire, " " steer-by-wire, " and
UPDATE
As Chief Technical Officer for Schaeffler in the
Americas, Jeff Hemphill is responsible for
research and new product development for
automotive eMobility, transmissions, engines,
chassis, as well as industrial components and
systems. Hemphill is a former SAE president
(2021).
" brake-by-wire. " The most
crucial items for vehicle safety
are brake-by-wire and steer-bywire;
these are the subject of
much of this report. " n
April 2022
45
Unsettled Issues in Driveby-Wire
and Automated
Driving System
Availability
Jeff Hemphill
SAE International

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SAE Update - April 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAE Update - April 2022