Viewpoint standards are needed for BEVs Regulatory CO2 for the test cycle can be calculated. Of course, the devil is in the details. How we convert the used battery energy to CO2 will have a major influence on the outcome. The quickest way to perform this conversion would be to use the emission rate from the U.S. average electricity mix (which according to the EIA in 2020 was 386 g CO2 /kWh). But while this approach is easy, it can suffer from large errors (see Holland et al., Proceedings of the Nationalhttps://www.sae.org/publications/collections/content/E-JOURNAL-14 https://www.sae.org/publications/collections/content/E-JOURNAL-14 https://www.sae.org/publications/books/content/r-501/ https://www.sae.org/publications/books/content/r-501/