Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 23

SUSTAINABILITY | BATTERY SUPPLY FEATURE
EV battery production
produces a large percentage
of the carbon emissions
created when building an
electric vehicle.
target ranges join the two factors above as major possibilities
for near-term improvement. It also said that
increasingly, manufacturers see low-carbon battery
production as a competitive advantage, with " some
leading players aiming to cut emissions below 20 kg
(44 lb.) CO2 per kWh. " That's 10 times less than the
current highest-emission OEMs.
Among the other " quick wins " the report said the
industry could realize were:
* Cell manufacturing: Most non-electric emissions
currently come from the electrode drying process,
the report stated, which requires temperatures between
122 deg. F (50 C) and 320 deg. F (160 C).
That temperature is achieved, generally, by burning
natural gas. Switching to electric heat sources, as
well as using dry coating " or switching from conventional
binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride to water-soluble
alternatives, could significantly lower
energy consumption and cost. "
* Chemistry: The report observed that nickel-manganese-cobalt
(NMC) batteries have a 30% to 40%
higher energy density, " while lithium-iron-phosphate
(LFP) cells have a longer expected chargingcycle
lifetime and, on average, 15 to 25% lower carbon
emissions. " The report suggested this is due to
fewer embedded emissions in the cathode.
* Recycling: The report said that with hundreds of new
factories coming online, the amount of scrap produced
would finally make recycling a cost-effective
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
Though Ford and Volvo were first to partner with Redwood Materials for their
battery-pack recycling facility in California, the company said it would accept
batteries from any manufacturer.
endeavor. " The carbon footprint of recycled battery materials is
typically four times smaller than that of other raw materials, " the
authors wrote. Even before the massive factory buildout, OEMs
and recycling companies are making progress toward creating a
circular supply chain. Redwood Materials, which has prominently
partnered with Ford, Volvo and VW, has a recycling and manufacturing
facility in Nevada. And Li-Cycle last year partnered with
Ultium to co-locate its innovative recycling process with GM's
Ultium manufacturing plant in Ohio.
May 2023 23
FROM TOP: McKINSEY & CO.; REDWOOD MATERIALS

Automotive Engineering - May 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Automotive Engineering - May 2023

Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - Intro
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - Sponsor1
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - CVRA
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - CVRB
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - CVR1
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - CVR2
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 1
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 2
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 3
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 4
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 5
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 6
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 7
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 8
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 9
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Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 11
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 12
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Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 14
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Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 20
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 21
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 22
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Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 38
Automotive Engineering - May 2023 - 39
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