Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - 22

RF & Microwave Technology
Facing
5G New Radio (NR)
Test Challenges
I
t has been nearly five years since the
International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) released ITU-R M.20830,
with a roadmap to release IMT2020
to address the anticipated future
of 5G performance that would greatly
eclipse that of IMT-Advanced and thenplanned
4G technology.
In 2017, the 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) rushed to release a
preliminary version of their 5G standard
(Release 15) so telecommunications
companies would begin developing
hardware and deploying 5G infrastructure
according to their guidelines.
The result was the new radio (NR) standard
for 5G that includes a non-standalone
(NSA) millimeter-wave spectrum
capability and additional sub-6 GHz
cellular bands. Release 15 has provided
en hanced mobile broad -
band (eMBB) specifications,
with future updates to Release
16 and a Release 17 to
provide more definition of
massive ma chine-type
communications
(mMMC) and ultrareliable
low-latency
communications
(URLLC).
3GPP Release 15 has provided standards
that support higher capacity,
greater network efficiency, higher peak
data rates, higher user experienced data
rates, greater spectrum efficiency, and
greater mobility. The result has been
telecommunications base-station transceivers
(BST) and UE hardware that operate
at higher frequencies, handle
greater carrier aggregation (CA), support
higher MIMO layers for UE/BST, offer
greater bandwidth per channel,
leverage more efficient access methods,
and can use more complex
modulation schemes.
Another result of 3GPP Release
15 was the release of conformance
and performance testing
recommendations and requirements
(TR 38.810). Unlike
previous generations of
cellular technology, 5G NR
standards introduced not
only millimeter-wave frequency bands
but the requirement for sub-6 GHz and
millimeter-wave communications to
operate simultaneously (5G NR NSA).
With the mainstreaming of beamforming/beamsteering,
CA, and multiinput
multi-output (MIMO) technology,
BST and UE hardware is no longer a
single radio with tuning/filtering technology
and a mix of antennas/wideband
antenna. Telecommunications
hardware has evolved to be an array of
antenna elements with transmit/receive
modules (TRMs) driving each element
or a sub-array of elements.
More complex digital processing is
also required to successfully implement
beamforming, CA, and
MIMO, which leads to extremely
integrated active antenna
systems/advanced antenna
systems (AAS) that
now resemble the active
electronically scanned ar -
ray (AESA) technology
used in military radar.
22
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021

Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Intro
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Sponsor
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Cov1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Cov2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - 1
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Cov3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2021 - Cov4
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