Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 12

Electrodes and Microelectrode Arrays
100 µm
20 µm
500 nm
100 µm
10 µm
500 nm
Fig. 4 - Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of select hierarchical surface structures induced on the surface of Pt-10Ir alloy electrodes
as a result of ultrashort pulse laser restructuring.
µm
15
10
However, due to the space limitations
within organs such as the brain, spinal
cord, cochlea, and eye, it is not possible
to increase the number of electrodes
without reducing their size. This significantly
lessens
the deliverable charge,
5
Fig. 5 - Three-dimensional images of select hierarchically restructured surfaces illustrating the surface
structure and corresponding height profiles obtained from confocal microscopy.
Potentiostat
0-ring
PBS Solution
Fig. 6 - Schematic of the test setup used for cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy measurements.
12
Intro
Cov
www.medicaldesignbriefs.com
ToC
+
-
A
Reference Electrode
Pt Counter Electrode
PTFE Cell Body
Electrical Connection
Working Electrode
again impacting device performance.
An alternative approach increases the
electrode electrochemical surface area
(ESA), producing a larger number of electrodes
for improved selectivity and resolution
but with a smaller geometric surface
area (GSA). A greater number of electrodes
can be introduced into the device
or in the construction of the microelectrode
array, in turn leading to increased
performance and selectivity, lower power
consumption, and improved fidelity.
Several classes of materials and technologies
are effective in increasing ESA
and improving electrochemical performance
of the electrodes. For example, iridium
oxide (IrO2), titanium nitride (TiN),
and black or porous platinum coatings,
conductive polymers, electrochemical surface
roughening, nanostructured scaffolds,
two-dimensional materials, and carbon
nanotubes have been shown to
enhance the charge injection capacity
and overall properties of electrodes and
microelectrode arrays. There are major
differences between these materials, technologies,
and their respective manufacturing
techniques in terms of performance,
durability, scalability, throughput, and
Medical Design Briefs, August 2021
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Medical Design Briefs - August 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Medical Design Briefs - August 2021

Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Intro
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov4
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov1a
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov1b
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov1
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov2
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 1
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 2
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 3
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 4
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 5
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 6
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 7
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 8
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 9
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 10
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 11
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 12
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 13
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - 14
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Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov3
Medical Design Briefs - August 2021 - Cov4
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