Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - MD-13

Linear
Bearings:
What You Need to Know
L
inear bearings are rolling-element
and fluid-film devices that
reduce friction in motion systems
where the motion acts
along a straight - or sometimes
curved - pathway. They are distinguished
from radial bearings in which
motion is rotary. Linear bearings are
used in machine tool applications such
as sliding doors, 3D printers, and
automation settings where reducing friction
and guiding linear motion is needed.
They can be loosely grouped as ball
and roller types that use the rolling
motion of rolling elements and sliding
types that rely on lubricant and low-friction
surfaces. This article will discuss the
distinct forms that linear bearings take
and highlight some general applications.
Slide-Type Bearings
Sometimes called linear bushings, linear
bearings are manufactured in sinMotion
Design, June 2021
Cov
ToC
tered aluminum bronze, metal/polymer
composites, carbon insert styles, polymerlined
sleeves, etc. and rely on a lubricating
film to form between the bearing and
the shaft while the two are in relative
motion. Powdered-metal bronze bushings
have been used for many years as diepost
bushings. Their porous constructions,
often with carbon plug inserts, are
vacuum impregnated with oil that flows
to and from the bearing under the frictional
heat developed as the shaft moves
and stops, providing a film of oil between
the bearing and the shaft.
Polymer, self-lubricating linear bushings
have captured some of the market
that had been dominated by sintered
metal bushings. The polymer itself -
typically PTFE - provides slipperiness
for the running shaft. These are popular
in food packaging for their ability to run
without lubricants and their ability to
withstand washdown chemicals. They
can run on unhardened shafts having
high corrosion resistance. Because polymers
are subject to cold flow at high
loads and do not dissipate heat well, polymer
is often bonded in thin sections to
metal backers in the construction of
these bearings.
Linear bushings can be crowned slightly
to permit some angular adjustment of
the bushing relative to the housing to
adapt to shaft deflection. In more ex -
treme cases, the bushing is supported in
the housing by O-rings. Linear bushings
are available as naked units or housed in
pillow blocks and flanged units.
Bushings can be arranged as tandem
installations in common housings to provide
higher axial spread for the bearing
surfaces. They are available as open and
closed varieties, with the selection
depending on how the shaft is supported.
Shafts supported continuously over
their lengths require open bushings that
13
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Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021

Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Intro
Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Sponsor
Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Band1
Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Band2
Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Cov1
Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Cov2
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Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - Cov3
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Tech Briefs Magazine - June 2021 - ST-Cov1
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