Aerospace & Defense Technology - April 2022 - 30

RF & Microwave Technology
Test Configuration
and Automation
ADAS ECU
Sensor Interfaces
Test and Measurement
Hardware
Virtual Test
Drive Environment
Vehicle Networks
Networks
Communications
Figure 1. ADAS systems are run through thousands of hours of simulated tests before they make their
way to market.
Test Configuration
and Automation
Network
Communications
Test and Measurement
Receiver/Exciter
EW Systems Under
Test
Virtual
Battlefield
Digital I/Q
Waveforms
Digital Telemetry
and Control Data
Figure 2. Cognitive EW system tests can resemble ADAS tests, with a virtual battlefield replacing the test
drive environment, and I/Q data directly injected into the system under test.
Test Configuration
and Automation
Network
Communications
Test and Measurement
Receiver/Exciter
Blue Systems
Virtual
Battlefield
Threats
5G
Digital
I/Q
Waveforms
Direct - Inject
I/Q Data
EW Systems Under
Test
Direct - Inject
I/Q Data
More feasible would be to have the
player compete to see how they perform.
This achieves a dual purpose, acting
both as a way of rating the child's
performance, but also giving them
experience and training, which they
can use to learn and improve. Do they
need to be capable of beating World
Chess Champion, Magnus Carlsen?
Probably not. They need to be tested
against adversaries that they could reasonably
encounter - their peers. If they
can consistently defeat their peers, then
they could be considered to have passed
their " testing " phase.
Translating this back to EW, how do
we test systems against their peers? We
don't necessarily have access to adversary
systems that will be faced in the field.
Field-deployed electronic support measures
may have detected and stored the
waveforms from red team systems, logging
them to database for future identification
purposes, or for playback in a test
scenario. A cognitive system will, however,
need to face threats that it has never
seen before. The best we can do this is to
test against systems that represent what
could be encountered in theater.
Learning from ADAS Test in
Automotive
Thankfully there are lessons we can
learn from another industry, automotive,
which has faced many similar challenges
in testing advanced driver-assistance
systems (ADAS). Automotive
suppliers have focused on moving
autonomous vehicle test as early as possible
in the design cycle, divesting in
road testing, and moving test cases into
modeling and simulation.
Digital Telemetry
and Control Data
Figure 3. Threat emulators must cover the breadth of EM emitters in the surrounding environment, including
adversarial jammers and communications systems, allied systems, and commercial communications
and broadcast signals.
EW can resemble a game of chess -
with move and countermove, countermeasure
and counter-countermeasure.
How do you test whether a child is good
at playing chess? One method could be
to quiz them on the best move for every
board configuration. This would provide
maximum test coverage, however given
30
that there are estimated to be around
1045 unique board configurations, this
would clearly take far too long. Additionally,
not every configuration has a single
best next move - many moves could be
almost equally effective towards achieving
victory - so it's very difficult to gauge
performance based on this criterion.
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In ADAS test (Figure 1), a software
simulator generates synthetic inputs for
the vehicle's cameras, making the ECU
think it is driving, forcing it to process
the inputs, deciding how the vehicle
should react, feeding back into the vehicle
bus, and controlling the vehicle in
simulation. ADAS systems must go
through thousands of hours of simulated
driving before they'll hit the road.
One limitation that should be considered,
however, is that with real-world,
recorded drive data being played back
into the simulator, the data is exceptionally
high fidelity, but you do lose the
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - April 2022

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