Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - 5

Designing for Space and
Other Extreme Environments
I
n aerospace and defense, applications
rely on mission-critical components
to ensure proper functioning
in extreme environments. In the
many instances in this field where " mission-critical "
means that lives depend
on successful operation, harsh conditions
present certain development challenges
that engineers must be aware of
and factor into their designs.
Extreme Cold
Extremely cold environments, ranging
from arctic at the Earth's poles (-90.4
°F / -68 °C) to cryogenic in the vacuum
of space (-455 °F / -270.6 °C), can cause
materials to become brittle or render
them inoperable. Moveable components
become stiff, batteries slow down
or shut off, and temperature-based components
become unable to reach their
operating range.
While the conditions of space are certainly
more extreme than Earth-based
environments, the same design principles
apply to an extent.
For devices that are handled by
humans, you should design buttons
that are larger and easier to move, even
when hampered by bulky clothing. If
possible, eliminate electrical power
sources by relying on mechanically
operated substitutions. When batteries
must be used, ensure they are fully
insulated from the cold or temperature
regulated by ambient heat or an included
heat source. For heat influenced
devices, keep vital components heated
within an active range to ensure operation
during thermal variation. For elastic
materials (such as the ubiquitous
O-ring), select materials with the widest
temperature range, such as fluorosilicone,
that are compatible with the
environment.
For applications where water must
be supplied to critical systems, such as
onboard dry-docked ships, additional
components should be used to prevent
freeze-ups that could interrupt systems
or damage piping. Thermostatic drain
valves can be used to both prevent
lines from freezing and conserve water
usage in areas that are either continuAerospace
& Defense Technology, June 2022
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022

Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Intro
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Sponsor
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Band1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Band2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Cov1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Cov2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - 1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - 2
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - 5
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Cov3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - June 2022 - Cov4
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