Aerospace & Defense Technology - August 2022 - 40

Tech Briefs
ments exhibited some shortcomings of
the sensor design and its performance
on the COSMIC microsatellites.
The first problem revealed during preflight
tests was red leak, which refers to
weak residual sensitivity of the 135.6
nm FUV photometer to detect unwanted
longer wavelengths, including visible
light ( " redder " than ultraviolet).
On-orbit, the flaw manifested itself as
observations of city lights and moonlit
clouds that contaminated nighttime
ionospheric signals. The second problem
involved scattered light, both external
to the TIP sensor assembly and
within the TIP optical train. Aboard the
crowded, compact satellite bus, TIP
viewed the nadir through a jagged porthole,
and an antenna from another
experiment was close to the field-ofview.
Inside the instrument several
components included stainless steel and
iridited aluminum surfaces, which have
poor FUV reflectivity, but significant
reflectivity in the visible. The impact of
this visible scattered light was that the
photometer could not operate near the
twilight, and the scattered light potentially
increased red-leak sensitivity.
The GROUP-C experiment included an
upgraded, second-generation TIP module,
a refurbished qualification unit from the
COSMIC program. Several modifications
were made to the TIP optical train to mitigate
the scattered light and red-leak
problems identified during the COSMIC
mission (Figure Left). First, a larger, visibly
black filter wheel and black anodizing of
the detector housing was implemented to
reduce visible scattering and red-leak. A
filter overlay was generated using 3D
printing of vacuum-rated black Ultem®
polyetherimide plastic with only two filter
apertures: one aperture open to collect
FUV signal, and the other a sapphire window
for monitoring red-leak contamination
(Figure Right). Sapphire passes radiation
longward of 145 nm, which allows
monitoring the contamination alone,
without the 135.6 nm ionospheric signal.
By differencing the measurements
through the open aperture (135.6 nm +
red leak) and the sapphire filter (red leak
only), the FUV ionospheric signal can be
determined. Finally, aboard the STP-H5
pallet TIP did not view through a jagged
hole nor have a dipole antenna near the
field-of-view.
This work was done by Scott A.
Budzien, Andrew W. Stephan, Todd E.
Humphreys, Steven P. Powell, Brady W.
O'Hanlon, and Rebecca L. Bishop, for
the Naval Research Laboratory. For more
information, download the Technical
Support Package (free white paper) at
mobilityengineeringtech.com/tsp un -
der the Test & Measurement category.
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