Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 36

RF & Microwave Technology
Three
Challenges to
5G's Military Success
F
ifth-generation (5G) cellular
extends the capabilities of critical
communications, allowing 5G
network deployment on bases, in
emergency scenarios, and on the battlefield.
Planes, ships, Humvees, and other
vehicles will integrate 5G connectivity
while 5G robotics allow for smart warehousing
and telesurgery. Self-driving military
vehicles will create new opportunities
and use cases. Evolving 5G non-terrestrial
networks (NTNs) promise to make all of
these new applications a reality.
To guarantee performance, however,
these applications require unique
approaches to design and test. For aerospace
defense applications, 5G must
adhere to more strict performance requirements
and overcome three key challenges:
evolving NTN standardization, vehicles as
user equipment, and 5G co-existence with
radar and satellite systems. By taking a
multistep approach, you can ensure that
your product seamlessly integrates into a
final design that meets 5G's promise for
military and government applications.
1. NTN Standards Development
Right now, questions around NTN
form one of the first hurdles to predict36
ing
system performance. 5G NTN promises
ubiquitous cellular coverage. Using
space- or airborne assets, 5G can enable
service in areas otherwise without coverage.
Until now, base stations have been
ground-based or terrestrial, but the Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
ratified NTN as a feature in Release 17.
The specific architectures will be finalized
as the standard develops. No matter
the final choice, the architecture will start
with a user equipment (UE) block. Beyond
mobile phones, UE now includes vehicles,
sensors, and watches. The UE typically
communicates with the base station,
which in 5G is known as the gNodeB. You
can refer to the 5G Core Network as the
Next Generation Core (NGC).
The NTN standard remains in development,
so commercial equipment and
prototypes are not available. That
means finding other ways to research,
prototype, or develop. Unfortunately,
available commercial-off-the-shelf
(COTS) UEs and gNodeBs will not work
with the amounts of Doppler and delay
found in space-borne communications
links (Figure 1).
To develop NTN, take a crawl-walkrun
approach that starts with basic softmobilityengineeringtech.com
ware
modeling. The software tool
should model the following:
* downlink and uplink transmit and
receive chains of the UE
* the gNodeB
* the signal propagations to and from
the satellite
* the satellite's motion
* the antennas
* the delay and Doppler throughout the
system
The UE will pre-frequency shift its
transmission to counter the satellite's
Doppler shift. The gNodeB must also
perform this task, but in a way that is
common to all served UEs - no matter
their location. When a UE attaches to
the network and looks for a base station,
it must assume a greater range of
frequency offsets than it would in the
terrestrial case. Although COTS prototypes
are not yet available, you can
simulate NTN links in software and
prototype them with emulators. Use
hardware emulators that are more easily
customizable for mimicking NTN
links. You can perform this prototyping
in a lab or a chamber on a smallscale
basis.
Aerospace & Defense Technology, September 2022
http://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com

Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022

Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Intro
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Sponsor
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Cov 1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Cov 2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 4
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 5
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 6
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 7
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 8
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 9
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 10
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 11
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 12
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 13
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 14
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 15
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 16
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 17
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 18
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 19
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 20
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 21
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 22
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 23
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 24
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 25
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 26
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 27
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 28
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 29
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 30
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 31
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 32
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 33
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 34
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 35
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 36
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 37
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 38
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 39
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 40
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 41
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 42
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 43
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 44
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 45
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 46
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 47
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 48
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 49
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 50
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 51
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 52
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 53
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 54
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 55
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - 56
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Cov 3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - September 2022 - Cov 4
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/24ADT02
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT12
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT10
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT09
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT08
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT06
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT05
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT04
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/23ADT02
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT12
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT10
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT09
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT08
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT06
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT05
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT04
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/22ADT02
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT12
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT10
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT09
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT08
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT06
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT05
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT04
https://www.nxtbook.com/smg/techbriefs/21ADT02
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com