Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 24

RF & Microwave Technology
Paving the Way
for the Next
Wireless Breakthroughs
T
he pace of wireless innovation
is accelerating to enable faster,
more responsive, and more reliable
connections worldwide.
The wireless communications industry
is ready for significant technology
changes across multiple systems. While
cellular communication is transitioning
from 4G to 5G to enable extreme data
throughputs, satellite communications
providers are building networks in space
to provide high-speed communications
from anywhere in the world. Wireless
engineers look for breakthrough technologies
to maximize system throughput,
robust links, and data handling
capabilities. The key technology components
of the wireless system physical
layer are wider bandwidths, higher-order
modulation schemes, and multi-antenna
techniques in wireless systems.
Wider Signal Bandwidths
Standard development organizations
are looking for wider bandwidths at
higher frequency bands because of the
limited spectrum allocation. For example,
5G New Radio (NR) Release 15 specifies
frequency range 2 (FR2) from 24.25
GHz to 52.6 GHz and a maximum channel
bandwidth of 400 MHz. Release 16
introduces us to unlicensed frequency
band in the 5 GHz and 6 GHz frequency
ranges. Midway through this year,
the latest 3GPP Release 17 extended the
spectrum range up to 71 GHz for unlicensed
bands.
Satellite communications provide
connectivity for a variety of television,
phone, broadband internet services,
and military communications. Satellites
operate in many frequency
bands, from the L to the Ka band.
The International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) allocates the
71 to 76 GHz / 81 to 86 GHz
segment of the W band to satellite
services. These frequency
segments are of increasing
interest to commercial satellite
operators for wider bandwidths.
On June 30, 2021, a satellite with
a W-band radio transmitter successfully
launched; more commercial
projects in the W band are in
the not-so-distant future.
Millimeter-wave frequency bands
provide more available bandwidths.
Wide bandwidths enable high-throughput
data and low latency, but wider
bandwidths also introduce more noise
that degrades system performance.
Wireless engineers need to manage
the noise problem for wideband comModulation
scheme Required EVM (%)
QPSK
16 QAM
64 QAM
256 QAM
Figure 1. Accurately validate RF components with stimulus-response measurements.
18.5%
13.5%
9%
4.5%
Table 1. Modulation quality requirements for 5G NR
base station transmitter tests.
24
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Aerospace & Defense Technology, October 2022
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022

Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Intro
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Sponsor
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Cov1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Cov2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 1
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 2
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 4
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Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Cov3
Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - Cov4
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