Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022 - 27

RF & Microwave Technology
width. As a result, 3GPP defines performance
tests with multiple spatial
streams for 5G NR base stations in Technical
Specification (TS) 38.141-1. The
tests require up to two transmitter
antennas and eight receiver antennas,
and each test case applies specific propagation
conditions, correlation matrix,
and SNR. Figure 2 shows a 5G base station
performance multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO) test configuration
for two transmitter antennas and four
receiver antennas with hybrid automatic
repeat request (HARQ) feedback.
Compared with IEEE 802.11ax, the
next-generation Wi-Fi standard, IEEE
802.11be (Wi-Fi 7), provides twice the
signal bandwidth, 16 spatial streams,
and quadruples the density of a modulation
scheme. These together provide
data rates up to 40 Gbps. Table 2 illustrates
the significant changes in the
IEEE 802.11 physical layer.
Testing multi-antenna systems that
use spatial diversity, spatial multiplexing,
and multiple antenna arrays
requires a test system capable of providing
multichannel signals with stable
phase relationships between them.
However, a commercial signal generator
has an independent synthesizer to
upconvert an intermediate frequency
(IF) signal to an RF signal. A test system
must provide precise timing synchronization
between channels to simulate
the multichannel test signals. The
phase between test signals must be
coherent and controllable. Figure 3
shows a fully integrated, calibration,
and synchronized signal generation
and analysis solution that helps minimize
measurement uncertainty for
multi-antenna tests.
Next-generation wireless communication
systems such as 5G, satellite, and
Wi-Fi require higher frequencies, wider
bandwidths, more complex modulation,
and multi-antenna designs. This
will enable you to face new design and
test challenges, including increased test
complexity, measurement uncertainty,
excessive path loss, and noise, that
impact device performance.
To overcome these challenges requires
a scalable test solution that enables
higher frequency coverage, wider bandwidths,
and multichannel applications
Aerospace & Defense Technology, October 2022
with ease and accuracy. A fully integrated,
calibrated, and synchronized solution
enables you to reduce test complexity
and achieve faster, repeatable,
and accurate results.
This article was written by Eric Hsu,
Product Marketing Manager, Keysight
Technologies, Inc. (Santa Rosa, CA). For
more information, visit https://www.
keysight.com.
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call 510-656-2325 or email info@dBControl.com
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US Air Force photo by Senior Airman Luke Milano
27

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Aerospace & Defense Technology - October 2022

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