Formulating Beverages for Brain Health - Kyowa March 2020 - 4

the amount of essential phospholipid
membrane components needed to
synthesize and maintain cell membranes.

Understanding Citicoline

Citicoline is an organic molecule produced
endogenously and found in every living
cell. When consumed, it is broken down
during intestinal absorption and, after
passing through the blood/brain barrier,
is reconstituted in the brain as citicoline.
Citicoline is needed to build cell membranes
throughout the body. Its cognitive health
benefits have been studied repeatedly.
Cognizin® helps the brain stay sharp and
supports memory."
A study published in 2008 in NMR in
Biomedicine showed the effects of
Cognizin® on the human brain's cellular
metabolism1. The study quantified the
effects of citicoline on high-energy
phosphate metabolites and constituents
of cellular membrane synthesis in the
frontal lobe of 16 healthy men and women.
The data showed that citicoline improved
frontal lobe bioenergetics and altered
phospholipid cell membrane turnover.
After six weeks of receiving citicoline,
participants experienced an average 26%
increase in phosphoethanolamine and a
13.6% increase in adenosine triphosphate.
The study also demonstrated that the area
of the brain most affected by citicoline is the
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ACC is
involved in cognitive functions such as focus
and attention.
The researchers concluded that citicoline
supplementation may help support cognitive
health as we age by increasing energy
reserves and utilization. It may also increase

Kyowa_Ezine_0320_revised.indd 4

To keep the brain healthy, it is paramount
that it receives the fuel it needs to function
at its best. Citicoline has been shown to
assist.
"The brain makes up only 2% of a person's
body weight, yet it consumes roughly 20%
of the body's energy when at rest. Cognizin®
helps supply the nutrition that the human
brain needs to stay alert and focused
throughout the entire day," Dr. Citrolo said.
"It is not a stimulant."
Citicoline is an important cellular building
block that is synthesized into two types of
compounds vital to healthy brain function.
First there are phospholipids, which make
up approximately 30% of brain tissue and are
essential constituents of cell membranes.
Because cell membranes have a very high
turnover rate, these phospholipids must be
continuously synthesized to ensure adequate
function of cells.
Citicoline is also an important component of
neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine,
dopamine and noradrenaline. All of these
compounds play a role in healthy brain
function, including focus and attention.

3/24/2020 7:33:38 AM



Formulating Beverages for Brain Health - Kyowa March 2020

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