MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 76

Functional

PHOSPHATES
Food-grade phosphates have
functional and economic benefits
BY D O N N A B E R RY | M E AT P O U LT RY@ SOSL A N D.CO M

L

imited by the US Dept. of Agriculture to not
exceed 5,000 parts per million in finished
meat and poultry products, phosphates are
a powerful ingredient to assist processors with
delivering on quality and performance.
"Phosphates are ubiquitous in the food
industry, but nowhere is their importance
greater than in meat and poultry systems,"
says Jim Anderson, business development
manager-Americas, ICL Food Specialties, St.
Louis. "Their functionality remains unique in
the world of food ingredients.
"Their primary role in meat systems is best
described as 'protein management,'" he explains.
When protein is in its isoelectric point,
which is at about pH 5.1, it does not bind water
very well. However, when meat protein is
charged, it attracts water and binds it. Protein
gets charged by lowering or raising its pH.
That's one of the functions of phosphates.
"After animals are harvested, the energy
source adenosine triphosphate depletes.
This changes the protein," says Peng Yuan,
scientist and manager-application and product
development, Innophos Inc., Cranbury,

76

MEAT+ POULTRY | 01.15 | www.meatpoultry.com

NJ. "First, the muscle pH drops due to the
accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic
respiration and then the muscle stiffens as
rigor mortis sets in. Alkaline phosphates can
increase the pH of muscle, thus moving it
away from the protein isoelectric point, that
point where the muscle has lowest waterholding capacity.
"Some phosphates, specifically
pyrophosphates, can also tenderize the
stiffened muscle fibers and increase water
binding sites by disassociating actomyosin,"
Yuan says. "The key functions are pH
modification and protein modification."

THE 411
Food-grade phosphates are derived from
phosphoric acid and can assume many forms.
Most are linear molecules and contain a single
phosphate (ortho), two phosphates (pyro) or
three or more phosphates (poly). There are
also metaphosphates, which are composed of
several phosphates in a ring-shape structure.
Most phosphates are alkaline and have a high
pH; however, there are some phosphates
referred to as acid phosphates, and they have a
neutral to slightly acidic pH.
Suppliers typically offer proprietary
blends with unique functionalities for specific
applications. When used with sodium chloride,
the ingredient system further increases the
water-holding capacity of the protein.

Photo courtesy of Innophos

INGREDIENT ISSUES



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MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015

Meat & Poultry - January 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMMENTARY - Setting the standard for 60 years
BUSINESS NOTES - WALMART AND SAM’S STRIVE FOR SAFER POULTRY
TWO CARGILL EXECS STEPPING DOWN
HORMEL, CARGILL END JOINT VENTURE
SANDERSON PLANT RECONSIDERED
JBS FREE TO PURSUE IPO
MCDONALD’S DOWNSIZING MENU
INVESTMENT FUND TO ACQUIRE ILLINOIS PROCESSOR
WASHINGTON - Regulatory heads up for 2015
ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL - In the beginning
COVER STORY - DAZZLING DINERS
MARKET OUTLOOK 2015 - Digging deeper
FOOD SAFETY - Battling Salmonella
SMALL BUSINESS MATTERS - Meeting customer demands
PACKAGING SOLUTIONS - Dual solution
LEADING THE PACK
INGREDIENT ISSUES - Functional phosphates
CEO SERIES - Natural leader
SANITATION TIPS - Protect with lockout/tagout
LABOR - Talking the talk
SHOWCASE
NAMES IN THE NEWS
CLASSIFIEDS
ADVERTISERS
THE INSIDER
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - Meat & Poultry - January 2015
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 2
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 3
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 5
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 6
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 7
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - COMMENTARY - Setting the standard for 60 years
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 9
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - TWO CARGILL EXECS STEPPING DOWN
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - HORMEL, CARGILL END JOINT VENTURE
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - MCDONALD’S DOWNSIZING MENU
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - INVESTMENT FUND TO ACQUIRE ILLINOIS PROCESSOR
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - WASHINGTON - Regulatory heads up for 2015
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 15
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL - In the beginning
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 17
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 18
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 19
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 20
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 21
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 22
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 23
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 24
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 25
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 26
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 27
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 28
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 29
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - COVER STORY - DAZZLING DINERS
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 31
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 32
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 33
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 34
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 35
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 36
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 37
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 38
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 39
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 40
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 41
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - MARKET OUTLOOK 2015 - Digging deeper
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 43
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 44
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 45
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 46
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 47
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 48
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 49
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - FOOD SAFETY - Battling Salmonella
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 51
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 52
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 53
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 54
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 55
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 56
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 57
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - SMALL BUSINESS MATTERS - Meeting customer demands
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 59
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 60
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 61
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 62
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 63
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - PACKAGING SOLUTIONS - Dual solution
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 65
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 66
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 67
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 68
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 69
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - LEADING THE PACK
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 71
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 72
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 73
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 74
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 75
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - INGREDIENT ISSUES - Functional phosphates
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 77
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 78
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 79
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 80
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 81
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - CEO SERIES - Natural leader
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 83
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 84
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 85
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 86
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 87
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 88
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 89
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 90
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - SANITATION TIPS - Protect with lockout/tagout
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 92
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 93
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - LABOR - Talking the talk
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 95
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - SHOWCASE
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 97
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - NAMES IN THE NEWS
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 99
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - CLASSIFIEDS
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 101
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 102
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 103
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 104
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - ADVERTISERS
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - THE INSIDER
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 107
MEAT+POULTRY - January 2015 - 108
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