MILLING OPERATIONS Flour cumulative ash and bran content Flour Bran Content 7.00 0.550 6.00 5.00 0.500 4.00 0.450 3.00 0.400 2.00 0.350 1.00 0.300 0.00 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% % B1 (Tempered Wheat) Figure 1 60% 70% 80% Bran Content (%) Cumulative Ash (%) 14% mb Flour Ash Content 0.600 EUDQSDUWLFOHVPD\FRQWULEXWHWRDEVRUSWLRQ7KH DFDGHPLF GL൵HUHQWLDWLRQ ZKLOH WHFKQLFDOO\ LPSRUWDQWLVRIOLWWOHLQWHUHVWWRWKLVDXWKRU,QWKLV DUWLFOH OLJKW QRW UHÀHFWHG EDFN WR WKH VRXUFH REVHUYHURUGHWHFWRUZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHG$EVRUSWLRQLVFDOFXODWHGE\VXEWUDFWLQJ6SHFWUDO5HÀHFWDQFHIURP :KHDW HQGRVSHUP RWKHU WKDQ IURP GXUXP ZKHDW LV JHQHUDOO\ ZKLWH LQ FRORU FRPSDUHG WR EUDQDQGWKHSLJPHQWVWUDQGIRXQGLQWKHZKHDW NHUQHO FUHDVH ,QFUHDVHG EUDQ FRQWHQW LQ ÀRXU VWUHDPVRUJUDGHVUHVXOWVLQDGDUNHUÀRXUZKLFK RIWHQ LV OHVV GHVLUHG E\ WKH FXVWRPHU ,Q VRPH FRXQWULHV ÀRXU FRORU LV D PRUH LPSRUWDQW FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI TXDOLW\ WKDQ ÀRXU DVK FRQWHQW ,Q RWKHUDUHDVRIWKHZRUOGDVKFRQWHQWUDWKHUWKDQ FRORULVDGULYLQJTXDOLW\IDFWRU7KHDVKFRQWHQW RI SXUH HQGRVSHUP YDULHV GXH WR YDULHW\ FODVV DQG SURGXFWLRQ HQYLURQPHQW YDULDWLRQV IDOOLQJ % Spectral Absorption ing because of particle size. When light strikes the surface of DQH[FHSWLRQDOO\¿QHSDUWLFOHPDVVJLYLQJWKHDSSHDUDQFHRID Flour Grade Ash (%) Spectral Spectral VPRRWKVDPSOHVXUIDFHLWLVUHÀHFWHGWRWKHVRXUFHGHWHFWRURU 14% mb Reflectance Absorption REVHUYHU ,QFUHDVHG OLJKW UHÀHFWHG IURP VDPSOH LV SHUFHLYHG (%) (%) DQG PHDVXUHG LQGLFDWLQJ D OLJKWHU FRORU DSSHDUDQFH$V WKH F1 0.515 79 21 SDUWLFOHVL]HLQFUHDVHVWKHVXUIDFHLVPRUHURXJKUHVXOWLQJLQ F2 0.615 75 25 PRUHOLJKWEHLQJUHÀHFWHGR൵LQGL൵HUHQWGLUHFWLRQVRWKHUWKDQ WKHVRXUFHREVHUYHURUGHWHFWRU F3 0.650 74 26 'HFUHDVHGOLJKWUHÀHFWHGIURPWKHVDPSOHLVSHUFHLYHGDQG Straight Grade 0.541 79 21 PHDVXUHG LQGLFDWLQJ D GDUNHU FRORU DSSHDUDQFH 7HFKQLFDOO\ WKHGL൵XVLRQRIOLJKWDOVRPD\LQFOXGHWRVRPHGHJUHHWKHDEVRUSWLRQRIOLJKWHQHUJ\DVRQHPLJKWREVHUYHZHDULQJDGDUN VKLUWLQWKHEULJKWVXQDQG¿QGLQJRXWLWJHWVPRUHZDUPWKDQ LQDUDQJHRIWRZKLOHWKHDVKFRQWHQWRIEUDQ DOLJKWVKLUWUHÀHFWLQJOLJKW LVLQWKHUDQJHRIWR)ORXUFRORUDQGDVKDUHERWK )ORXUSDUWLFOHVL]HPD\FRQWULEXWHWRGL൵XVLRQZKLOHGDUNHU LPSRUWDQWTXDOLW\SDUDPHWHUVDQGDUHRILQWHUHVWWRPLOOHUVDQG WKHLUFXVWRPHUV )LJXUH VKRZV WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH FXPXODWLYHDVKFRQWHQWDQGFXPXODWLYHOHYHORI Flour ash and spectral absorption EUDQFRQWDPLQDWLRQLQÀRXU7KHÀRXUZDVSURAgtron Absorption GXFHG XVLQJ D %KOHU 7DQGHP 0LOO XVLQJ KDUG 45 UHGZLQWHUZKHDWWHPSHUHGWRPRLVWXUHFRQ40 WHQWIRUKRXUVSULRUWRPLOOLQJ7KHHVWLPDWHG y = 61.696x - 12.422 35 R² = 0.6633 EUDQ FRQWHQW RI WKH ÀRXU ZDV EDVHG RQ WKH DVK 30 FRQWHQW RI SXUH HQGRVSHUP DQG EUDQ DW 25 DQGDVKFRQWHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\,QFUHDVLQJFX20 PXODWLYHDVKFRQWHQWUHÀHFWVLQFUHDVLQJSHUFHQW15 DJHRIEUDQFRQWDPLQDWLRQLQWKHÀRXU7KHGDWD 10 UHSUHVHQWHGDUHEDVHGRQDVLQJOHREVHUYDWLRQ,W 5 LV OLNHO\ WKDW DGGLWLRQDO UHSOLFDWLRQV DQG DFWXDO 0 DVK FRQWHQWV RI SXUH HQGRVSHUP DQG EUDQ DVK 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 FRQWHQWIURPWKHVDPSOHPLOOHGZRXOGLPSURYH Ash (%) 14% mb FXUYHVLPLODULWLHV )LJXUHVDUHEDVHGRQÀRXUSURGXFHGLQWKH Figure 2 HDUO\VXVLQJPRLVWXUHKDUGUHGZLQWHU 42 July 2020 / World Grain / www.World-Grain.comhttp://www.World-Grain.com