World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 14

СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА: ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ КЛИМАТА

Тренды в реальных ценах на сельхозпродукты и мировом населении
10

Цены на сельхозпродукты

180
160

9
8

-1% в год

140

7

120

6

100

5

80

4

60

3

Мировое население, млрд

Индекс цен на сельхозпродукты, 1977-79=100

200

2

40

Мировое население

20

1
0

0
2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

1950

1940

1930

1920

1910

1900

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɥɢɹɹ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɢɫɤ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɜɦɟɧɟɟɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɥɹɯɜɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɨɬɱɟɬɭɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɧɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɧɚɜɝɨɞɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɫ
ɝɨɞɚɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶɧɚɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɬɟɦ
ɠɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦɧɚɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
Ɋɨɫɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɞɨɡɚɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɧɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ
ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɨɜɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯɝɞɟɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɟɞɟɥɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɱɬɢɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɭɬ ɬ ɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ȼ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ
ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ
ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ ɨɤɚɠɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɢɥɢɞɨɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ

В то время как рост населения усилился
с 1990 г., продовольственные цены,
скорректированные с учетом, инфляции
снизились. Источник: Fuglie and Wang 2012.

ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟɨɫɚɞɤɢɡɚɫɭɯɚɪɨɫɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɤɟɚɧɚɭɪɚɝɚɧɵɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɭɸɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɭɸɢɩɨɪɬɨɜɭɸ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɢɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɰɟɧɵɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɪɨɫɬɨɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɫɪɨɤɢɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɜɨɥɚɬɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɧ ɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢɡɡɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɋɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɭɠɟɧɚɱɚɜɲɢɟɫɹɜɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɫɟɤɬɨɪɟɦɨɝɭɬɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶɢɥɢɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣȺɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹɤɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ  ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɯɨɬɹ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ ɧɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɢɧɢɡɤɢɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɜ
ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ

ɊɉɍɋɀȼɆɀɈɃɀɃɌɍȻȼɃɆɗɈɉɌɍɗɊɋɉȿɉȽɉɆɗɌɍȽɃɚ
Ʉɥɢɦɚɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ
ȿɉɌɍɎɊɅɀȿɀɃɌɍȻȼɃɆɗɈɉɌɍɗ
ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ
ɇɚɞɨɫɬɭɩɤɟɞɟɜɥɢɹɸɬɰɟɧɵɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶɤɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɪɱɭ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ
ɟɟɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɵɣɪɵɧɨɤɪɨɡɧɢɰɚɢɦɟɥɤɢɣɨɩɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɢɭɪɨɜɧɢɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜɜɧɢɯ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɡɟɦɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ȼɨɬɱɟɬɟɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɢ
14

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World Grain Russian - May 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of World Grain Russian - May 2016

World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 1
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 2
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 3
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 4
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 5
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World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 57
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 58
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 59
World Grain Russian - May 2016 - 60
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/world-grain-russia-may-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2020_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2019_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2018_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2017_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2016_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2015_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/wgr_2014_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/wgr_2013_05_01
https://www.nxtbook.com/sosland/wgr/2012_05_01
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com