Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 12
from the trenches
Port of the Pyramids
ometimes great discoveries are made when
archaeologists stop digging and take a closer look at
what has already been found.
This is what happened to Mark
Lehner, director of Ancient
Egypt Research Associates, as
he was looking over maps of
Heit el-Ghurab, where he has
worked for 25 years. Lehner
had thought that Heit elGhurab, a 4,500-year-old town
next to the pyramids of Giza,
was home to the workers who
built the pyramids. But now
he believes the town was also a
wealthy Nile River port. While
examining the distribution of
wood and pottery in a part of
the town where laborers lived,
Lehner recognized that much
of it came from the Levant.
He surmised that the laborers
who built the pyramids were
probably also sailors and that
Heit el-Ghurab was probably
the southern end of an important trade route called the
Byblos Run, which brought
lumber, olive oil, and other
trade goods from territories as
S
far north as modern-day Lebanon. "It's a whole
consilience of diferent lines of evidence that
brought us to this aha moment," says Lehner.
This rich port also had its own elite class. In
the western part of the town, Lehner's team
found leopard teeth, which were worn as
ornaments by certain Egyptian priests. The
archaeologists also uncovered the bones of
calves-veal would have been an especially
prized luxury.
-Zach Zorich
Hardening Brittle Bones
J
ust like the bones of living people
with osteoporosis, human remains
in the archaeological record can
lose bone mass over time. These samples usually require treatment with
plastic fllers before they can be moved
and studied.
A team of chemists at the University
of Florence has devised a novel alternative that uses a chemical reaction to
return lost minerals, such as calcium,
to fragile old bones. The scientists
treated fragments of degraded bone dat12
ing from a.d. 1000-1400
with a solution of calcium
hydroxide nanoparticles in
alcohol. Over several days,
the nanoparticles reacted
with airborne carbon dioxide and traces of collagen
in the bone to form needlelike crystals of aragonite,
a hard variant of calcium
carbonate that forms naturally in seashells and corals. The crystals left the
bones-in this case a saint's relics from
the Basilica of San Clemente in Rome-smoother,
whiter, and much stronger.
The method, says
study coauthor Luigi Dei,
requires further investigation. Unlike the use of plastic fllers to shore up bone,
this process is likely irreversible. Once perfected,
however, it could be of use wherever
archaeologists encounter brittle bones.
-Katherine Sharpe
ArchAeology * May/June 2014
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014
Contents
Editor’s Letter
From the President
Letters
From the Trenches
World Roundup
Beyond the Palace Walls
Pieces of the Song Dynasty
Mosaic Masterpiece
America’s Chinatowns
Searching for the Comanche Empire
Letter from Philadelphia
Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 3
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Editor’s Letter
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - From the President
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Letters
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - From the Trenches
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 10
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 11
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 12
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 13
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 14
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 15
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 16
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 17
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 18
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 19
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 20
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 21
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - World Roundup
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 23
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Beyond the Palace Walls
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 25
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 26
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 27
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 28
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 29
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 30
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Pieces of the Song Dynasty
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 32
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 33
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Mosaic Masterpiece
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 35
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 36
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 37
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - America’s Chinatowns
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 39
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 40
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 41
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 42
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 43
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Searching for the Comanche Empire
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 45
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 46
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 47
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 48
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 49
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 50
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 51
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 52
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Letter from Philadelphia
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 54
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 55
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 56
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 57
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 58
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 59
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 60
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 61
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 62
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 63
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 64
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 65
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 66
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - 67
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover4
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