16 * FEBRUARY 2022 Engine cooling system Exhaust manifolds Camshafts and valvetrain Fuel tank Engine block ENGINE COMPONENTS Pistons and Cylinder heads Alternator Crankshaft Oil pan Inverter and power control unit: Powertrain thermal management Maintains the operating temperature of the E-motor, the battery pack and other on-board units by regulating the heat flow The inverter converts DC (direct current) power to AC (alternating current) power which is subsequently delivered to the E-motor. This unit also regulates and controls the speed of the motor by changing the frequency of the AC. GAINED On-board charger THE TRANSITION DC to DC converter Changes DC power from the on-board high-voltage battery to lower voltages to run the in-vehicle systems. The inverter also charges the auxiliary battery E-MOTOR Stator Consists of a rotor inside a stator, reduction gears and cooling channels BATTERY PACK Battery module Consists of a cluster of interconnected battery cells within a metallic frame to protect the cells from external shocks Battery-management system Rotor JEFF MELNYCHUK/AUTOMOTIVE NEWS CANADA Electronically manages the power delivery in the battery pack. It monitors the state of the battery and controls its environment Source: Automotive Policy Research Centre Battery cells * Forty-one entirely new vehicle components will be required for EVs. Most will be electrical or electronic with no moving parts. * Nearly 100 components in a traditional ICE will be eliminated in the shift to EVs, while only a handful will survive the transition unaltered. * No ICE fuel- and exhaustsystem components are needed in EVs. * Most parts for vehicle suspension and steering systems will transition to EVs with no changes required, with several requiring some alterations. Source: Future of Canadian Automotive Labourforce (FOCAL) Initiative connecting rods Spark plugs Catalytic converter(s) Until electric vehicles become dominant, major automakers will need supply chains for both EVs and internal-combustionengine (ICE) vehicles. Over time, as the EV side ramps up, the ICE side will eventually decline. Some current powertraincomponent suppliers will also adapt to build EV parts while others are at risk of not making the transition. ICE vs. EV Some of the powertrain parts lost and gained during the transition High-voltage power cables Charging port LOST Transmission, AWD unit and driveshafts Mufflers and exhaust components including O2 sensors Fuel pump Consists of a radiator with fans, a coolant tank and a coolant pump Fuel filter