IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019 - 83
Figure 3. Final HUD interface with three icons in action during the simulation.
Strathclyde Police Department.1,2 The HDD was
positioned in the existing screen-space which is
located in the middle-lower section of the dashboard which is approximately 720 mm-880 mm
from the driver's eyes, depending on the driver's
height. Similarly, the HUD is positioned 850 mm-
990 mm, again depending on the driver's height.
The HUD is projecting the image in front of the
driver's field of view on the windshield, just
above the steering wheel. The projected AR
image of the HUD icons appears at 2-m ahead,
which is approximately in front of the car's bonnet as an ideal projection space as highlighted by
previous studies. The gesture recognition system
device is positioned on the top of the instrument's dome just behind the steering wheel
approximately 500 mm-650 mm from the driver's
head. For this evaluation, only one scenario was
employed, namely rear-collision accident scenario.
In this scenario, the lead and neighboring
vehicles were creating seamlessly the circumstances for a rear-collision incident at multiple
points within the simulation. This scenario was
repeated once for the HUD and once for the HDD
September/October 2019
system. Prior to the evaluation each driver was
offered approximately 15 minutes to drive on
an uneventful simulation as part of the familiarization run, in order to get used to the controls
and systems of the vehicle. After the familiarization run, each participant drove on average
12 minutes per simulation, one for each system.
During the evaluation, the driver receives four different snippets of information related to mobile
phone text messages from a virtual friend and
navigation warnings respectively. The timing of
the messages coexists with the maximum probability of a collision gradually built-up by the Artificial Intelligence of the simulation's neighboring
vehicles. As such, the driver is momentarily distracted and enticed to check the incoming information. Whilst the accident scenario unfolds, the
driver is challenged to brake abruptly behind the
lead vehicles.
Participants
The evaluation was performed by twenty users
(7 female, 13 male), which held a valid driving
license, and they were aged between 20 and 55.
83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019
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