IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 23
Dynamics and Modeling
of Rechargeable Batteries
What electrochemists' work tells
the electronic engineers
© ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/D3DAMON
by Nihal Kularatna
E
nergy storage is a hot topic in power electronics
due to the steady progress of electric vehicles
(EVs), portable devices, and backup systems.
Rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors are
two complementary device families that are
growing rapidly. Despite the fact that lead-acid, nickelmetal hydride (NiMH), and Li-ion are mature chemistries,
massive research efforts continue to improve their capabilities. Starting from the early models by J.E.B. Randles
[7], electrochemists who strive to improve chemistries or
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPEL.2014.2361264
Date of publication: 18 December 2014
2329-9207/14©2014IEEE
develop new devices have contributed hugely to predicting the behavior of batteries. This review aims at explaining why the simple constant voltage source and a fixed
resistance is not adequate as a model, and how more
accurate models can be developed based on the internal
electrochemistry processes within the electrode pair, the
electrolyte, and the porous separator.
Batteries as Complex Dynamic Systems
To understand the fundamentals of battery dynamics, we
should start with dynamic systems, where variables are
dependent on time, such as in Figure 1(a). The system input
receives a time-dependent excitation signal and, when it
December 2014
IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
23
http://www.ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/D3DAMON
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 1
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 2
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 3
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 4
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 5
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 6
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 7
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 8
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 9
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 10
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 11
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 12
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 13
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 14
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 15
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 16
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 17
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 18
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 19
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 20
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 21
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 22
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 23
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 24
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 25
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 26
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 27
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 28
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 29
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 30
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 31
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 32
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 33
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 34
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 35
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 36
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 37
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 38
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 39
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 40
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 41
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 42
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 43
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 44
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 45
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 46
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 47
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 48
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/pelcompendium_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerelectronics_march2014
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com