IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 43
RUBBED OUT:
Cuban dictator
Fidel Castro and
Carlos Franqui fell
out over the Soviet
intervention in
Czechoslovakia.
Franqui went into
exile, and Cuban
authorities had his
image expunged
from photographs.
COVER UP:
O.J. Simpson's
1994 mug shot
following his arrest
for murder was
digitally darkened
on Time's cover, but
not on Newsweek's.
Time apologized
and issued a second
cover but said the
intent wasn't racist.
the light. The curve of the eye, it turns out, is remarkably similar from person to person, and there are very accurate 3-D
models of eyeball shape. To calculate the relative orientation
between a person's eyes and the camera, we can compare the
shapes of the circular boundaries between the iris and the
white part of the eye, known as the limbus. For example, if
the person is directly facing the camera, the limbus in each
eye will appear to be perfectly circular. As the orientation of
the eyes changes relative to the camera, the limbus becomes
more elliptical.
We can then use the shape and orientation of the limbus to
estimate the direction to the light. Any inconsistencies in the
lighting are evidence of tampering.
battle against spam and computer viruses, it seems inevitable
that the arms race between the forger and the forensic analyst
will continue to escalate, with no clear victor. Improved image
forensics will never be able to eradicate or prevent digital tampering, but these techniques can make it more time-consuming
and difficult for forgers to ply their trade. Tomorrow's technology will almost certainly enable digital manipulations that
today seem unimaginable, and the science of digital forensics
will have to work hard to keep pace. It is my hope that these
new techniques, along with a greater awareness of the technological possibilities and sensible updates in policy and law,
will help the media, the courts, and the public contend with
the exciting but often baffling events of our digital age.
o
even as exPerts continue to develop techniques for
exposing photographic frauds, new techniques for creating
better and harder-to-detect fakes are also evolving. As in the
To ProBe FurTher The author's home page at Dartmouth
College (http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid) has more information about digital photo tampering as well as more examples.
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Spectrum August, 2009
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - Cover1
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - Cover2
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 1
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 2
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 3
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 4
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IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 28
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IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 33
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 34
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IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 40
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 41
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 42
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 43
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 44
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 45
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - 46
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - Cover3
IEEE Spectrum August, 2009 - Cover4
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