SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 2
FROM THE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR / HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS
High Temperature Materials: Polymers,
Resins, Ceramics and Metals
DR. SCOTT W. BECKWITH, FSAMPE
A
|
scott@sampe.org
s one looks into the future of hypersonics, engines, ablative applications and other "hot" environments, the materials and process
engineer is faced with a multitude of
choices. The engineer that must select
material options is faced with his/her
choice that must be (a) manufactured and
(b) must survive numerous environmental load conditions during its service life.
Polymers and resins tend to fall into a
number of sub-categories. Take the thermoset family. This family of polymers and
resins are often defined by their cured
microstructure. The polymer chains are
"crosslinked" chemically at certain bond
locations along their internal structure.
(Think of a net-like structure where every "knot" location is a bonded crosslink).
These polymers and resin systems cover a
wide range from "polyesters" to "benzoxazines" to higher temperature systems.
Epoxy-based resins tend to limit structural applications to temperatures approaching 350-360°F for continuous applications. Bismaleimides and benzoxazines
tend upwards. Some systems achieve
limits at or above 600°F. Polyimides often
can be used for short-term exposures to
much higher temperatures. The challenge
in selecting higher temperature materials
must deal with difficulties in finding simple processing solutions. Quite often, the
higher the temperature, the higher the
processing viscosity becomes. Big tradeoffs in the levels of pressure, vacuum, and
flow duration at the higher temperature
are necessary to get the resin to flow into
the reinforcement material and fill out the
tooling geometry. It often also means the
tooling must survive higher temperatures
as well (e.g. substation of ceramic or steel
tooling for aluminum). M&P engineers
and scientists are still working to increase
thermoset temperature limits.
Thermoplastic polymers and resins
are generally thought of as the "other resin
family." These systems also have internal
structures of long polymer chains. However, these polymer chains are long and
mechanically entangled like spaghetti
entangled in a bowl, but not cross-linked
or bonded at specific intervals. Thermoplastics can be crystalline or semi-crystalline - or have regions of semi-crystallinity
within the structure. That behavior defines the mechanical properties at various
temperatures and relates to their "brittleness". Thermoplastic resins can also be
found to operate at "high temperatures"
Continued on page 4
2
|
SAMPE JOURNAL
|
J U LY/AU G U S T 2 0 1 9
w w w. s a m p e . o r g
http://www.sampe.org
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019
Table of contents
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - Cover1
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - Cover2
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - Table of contents
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 2
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 3
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 4
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 5
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 6
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 7
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 8
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 9
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 10
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 11
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 12
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 13
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 14
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 15
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 16
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 17
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 18
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 19
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 20
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 21
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 22
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 23
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 24
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 25
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 26
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 27
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 28
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 29
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 30
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 31
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 32
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 33
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 34
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 35
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 36
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 37
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 38
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 39
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 40
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 41
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 42
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 43
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 44
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 45
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 46
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 47
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 48
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 49
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 50
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 51
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 52
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 53
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 54
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 55
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 56
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 57
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 58
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 59
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 60
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 61
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 62
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 63
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - 64
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - Cover3
SAMPE Journal - July/August 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20210102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20200102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20191112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20190102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20181112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20180102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20171112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20170102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20161112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20160102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20151112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20150102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20141112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20140102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20131112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20130102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20121112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20120102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20111112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sampe/journal_20110102
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com