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International Journal of Stroke 18(1)
Figure 1. Gait outcomes and older adult populations examined in this review.
CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia-and to identify
important areas of research, and novel paths toward intervention.
The focus and scope of this review is further illustrated
in Figure 1.
Methods
Search strategy and selection criteria
The search strategy was guided by Preferred Reporting Items
for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and
is summarized in Figure 2(a).1 PubMed was systematically
screened to identify studies of qualitative and quantitative gait
in CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia populations. The specific
search terms are provided in Figure 2(b). The identified
studies were first independently and then collaboratively
screened by H.M.B and O.J to ensure they met inclusion/
exclusion criteria. Key findings and demographic characteristics
were then tabulated (Supplementary Tables 2-4) and categorized
(Supplementary Figures 1-2). To reduce bias, both
positive and negative findings were considered. Clinical gait
abnormalities and quantitative gait outcomes in CSVD were
reviewed in the " Clinical gait abnormalities and CSVD, "
" Quantitative gait and CSVD, " " Gait decline and CSVD, "
and " Gait and CSVD in pre-dementia and dementia " sections
Clinical gait abnormalities and quantitative gait outcomes
International Journal of Stroke, 18(1)
Results
A total of 263 studies were screened, 202 studies were
reviewed (Supplementary Tables 1-5 and Supplementary
Figures 1-2), and 72 of these studies were qualitatively
interpreted below.
Clinical gait abnormalities and CSVD
Studies of clinical gait abnormalities and CSVD pathologies
were primarily cross-sectional. Gait abnormalities or gait
disturbance severity were associated with several CSVD
pathologies and brain regions-including subcortical
infarcts, overall, subcortical, periventricular, and frontal
WMH, white matter integrity in frontal, parietal, and corpus
callosum regions, and thickness of the corpus callosum.2-6
Apraxia (frontal gait) was associated with WMH in frontal
and basal ganglia regions, white matter integrity in the genu
of corpus callosum, and subcortical and lacunar strokes.4,7,8
associated with cognitive decline, MCI, and dementia were
reviewed in the " Clinical gait abnormalities in pre-dementia
and dementia, " " Quantitative gait measures as markers for
MCI and dementia, " and " Gait as a predictor of cognitive
decline, MCI, and dementia " sections.

WSO - January 2023

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Contents
WSO - January 2023 - Cover1
WSO - January 2023 - Cover2
WSO - January 2023 - Contents
WSO - January 2023 - 2
WSO - January 2023 - 3
WSO - January 2023 - 3a
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