WSO - March 2023 - 309

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309
Table 2. Effect of the group on patient outcome.
Unadjusted (Group 1-2)
Outcomesa
Independence
Length of stay
Charges for medicine
Total cost
OR/β
1.449c
0.196d
0.258d
1.559d
95% CI
1.413 to 1.485
0.110 to 0.281
0.001 to 0.516
−2.392 to 5.509
Adjusted (Group 1-2)b
OR/β
1.374c
0.385d
0.160d
0.290d
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
aMulti-level model performed.
bImpact of grouping on outcomes after adjusting age, insurance, comorbidities, patterns of admission, and NIHSS-scores.
cEstimate of OR and 95% confidence interval for categorical outcome variables.
dEstimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals for continuous outcome variables.
Table 3. Single indicator usage test between two groups (multi-level model).
Indicatorsa
QI1
QI2
QI3
QI4
QI5
QI 6
QI 7
QI 8
QI 9
QI 10
QI 11
QI 12
QI: quality indicator; F: statistics.
Bolded font indicates that the p-value is less than 0.05 with statistical difference.
aMulti-level model performed.
bGroup and time interaction.
close the gap in HPCP between hospitals in present healthcare
setting.
Effective stroke treatment is time-dependent; every minute
of delay in treating stroke results in average of 1.8 days
of healthy life lost.16 Research has shown the benefit of
shortening the time from receipt of an emergency call to
treatment center arrival and providing timely and effective
stroke treatment.17 Based on our research, hospitals in the
low-HPCP group had relatively poor access to emergency
services on arrival at the hospital, such as neuroimaging
examination
of the
head,
including
computerized
tomography
(CT)
and
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI).18 Also, we found that compliance with the first neurological
deficit evaluation as recommended by the NIHSS
within 45 min was variable. Detection and treatment of
atrial fibrillation by ECG is a major goal in secondary
stroke prevention, and guidelines suggest that an ECG
should be performed within 45 min.19 In our study, although
the rate of ECG use in the high-HPCP group hospitals was
higher than the low-HPCP group hospitals, the use of ECG
in both groups of hospitals showed a downward trend in
recent years, which is an unsettling trend.
International Journal of Stroke, 18(3)
Group
F
0.02
14.48
2.84
19.48
0.53
1.08
0.10
2.47
0.58
0.01
7.01
1.14
p-value
0.8879
0.0002
0.0922
<0.0001
0.4648
0.2983
0.7568
0.1787
0.4484
0.9180
0.0083
0.2855
Group × timeb
F
6.74
0.28
26.16
6.25
3.36
0.00
10.08
0.20
5.53
21.63
1.68
1.61
p-value
0.0097
0.5988
<0.0001
0.0126
0.0673
0.9794
0.0016
0.6562
0.0190
<0.0001
0.1952
0.2056
95% CI
1.341 to 1.409
0.283 to 0.487
−0.119 to 0.439
−1.038 to 1.612

WSO - March 2023

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WSO - March 2023 - Cover3
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https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202404
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https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202403
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202402
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202401
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https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_2023123_ROW
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_2023101
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202308
https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/sageuk/wso_202307
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