World Grain - September 2005 - 25

countryfocus
tion of Iranian Associations of Flour Milling, was formed in
November 1999 to communicate industry issues.
Iran has two other milling organizations. Research and Engineering Services Inc. is charged with importing wheat and
milling machinery and exporting flour. The Self-Sufficiency
and Research Center carries out research on milling and baking, production technology and equipment, marketing and
flour quality.

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LIVESTOCK AND FEED

The livestock industry accounts for about 25% of total agricultural production. The main commodities are chicken, red
meat and dairy products.
Generally, migratory tribes run large herds of sheep and
goats, but demand has pushed the growth of large commercial
farms. The number of animals (sheep, goats and cattle) in Iran
has been reported at about 120 million, of which 8 million
cattle and 81 million sheep and goats are grazed on Iran's
90 million hectares of rangelands by nomadic tribes.
Production has increased significantly in the past 25 years.
In 1979, chicken production was 195,000 tonnes annually and
per capita consumption was 5.1 kg a year. By March 2005, the
figures were 1.1 million tonnes and 17.3 kg, respectively.
Red meat production has increased to 784,000 tonnes annually this year from 375,000 tonnes in 1980. Per capita consumption has increased to 11.6 kg a year from 9.8 kg in 1980.
Milk production has jumped to 6.7 million tonnes this year,
a tenfold increase from the 1980 production of 620,000 tonnes.
Annual per capita consumption has increased from 69 kg
to 99.6 kg
Per capita consumption of animal protein in the country is
22 grams daily. The fourth five-year plan (2005-10) has set a
target of increasing that figure to 29 grams daily by the end of
the plan. The plan notes that to reach that goal, livestock production would have to increase by an average 6.5% annually
over the next five years.
The plan has set production growth targets of 6.5% for
chicken meat, 3% for red meat and 7% for dairy production.
Barley and maize are the two major components of the feed
industry. Feed wheat use has averaged about 300,000 tonnes
annually in the past five years.
Barley and maize production has not been enough to meet
domestic consumption, so the country has been importing
these coarse grains.
Feed barley demand has been averaging slightly above
2 million tonnes in the past five years while production has
been slightly under that, forcing imports.
The production of maize, which is the major feed for the
poultry industry, has been targeted for expansion by the government. The 2004-05 harvest came in at 1.95 million tonnes,
WG
compared to 25,000 tonnes in 1979.
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World Grain - September 2005

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