IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013 - 54

(°F)

(kW)

able levels in island mode or to supply the utility grid partially in grid100
10,000
connected mode in case of an
90
9,000
emergency. In either case, the IIT
80
8,000
70
microgrid will perform emergency
7,000
60
6,000
demand response. In island mode,
50
5,000
the emergency demand response will
40
4,000
match the load with the generation
30
3,000
IIT Load
20
2,000
(e.g., dispatch the battery storage or
Temperature
1,000
10
curtail building loads), while in grid0
0
connected mode, the microgrid
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
24:00
Time (h)
would curtail loads as required. The
master controller will communicate
with building controllers to curtail or
Figure 23. The load reduction test at the IIT microgrid on 19 August 2010.
shift loads and monitor the updated
frequency adjustment signal to the natural-gas turbine and
load level through building meters.
the battery storage unit to adjust the microgrid frequency
Once the campus load is reduced, DER units on campus
to less than nominal frequency (59.9 Hz). The secondary
will be redispatched through primary and secondary concontrol will maintain a lower microgrid frequency than that
trols to maintain the nominal voltage and frequency. After
of the utility grid before resynchronization. When the
the completion of emergency demand response, the termicrogrid voltage angle lags behind that of the utility grid
tiary control provided by master controller will procure
slightly (fewer than 10), the PCC switch will be closed, and
the steady-state optimal generation dispatch of dispatchthe IIT microgrid will be resynchronized with the utility.
able DER units.

Emergency Demand Response

Self-Healing

The objective of emergency demand response is to maintain the microgrid voltage and frequency within accept-

Self-healing relies on robust HRDS protection and switching
schemes as well as on-campus storage to supply the load

250

Current Magnitude Curve (E1-500K-TR#1-IA)

Current (A)

200
150
100
50
0
0
20
6:18 a.m.

35

40

60

80 100 120
Time (s)
(a)

Current Magnitude Curve (SB-PWR-1000K-IA)

200
180

25

Current (A)

Current (A)

30

20
15
10
5

0
0
20
6:19 a.m.

40

60

80 100 120
Time (s)

140 160 180
6:21 a.m.

Inrush Current Magnitude Curve (SB-PWR-1000K-IA)

160
140

120
100
80
60
40
20
140 160 180
0
6:22 a.m. 6:28 a.m.
(b)

50

100

150
Time (s)

200

Figure 24. The load restoration at the (a) Engineering 1 and (b) Stuart Buildings in Loop 1 in island mode on 19 July 2012.

54

I E E E E l e c t r i f i c atio n Magaz ine / september 2013

250

300
6:33 a.m.



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013

IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013 - 1
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IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2013 - Cover3
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
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