IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - 23

challenge of the German energiewende.
renewable energies (wind and pV) have
already reached a very high level of integration (up to 35% of the total energy
generation mix in northern and eastern
Germany), which stresses the balance
between ress and conventional power
plants to ensure security of supply. moreover, transmission capacities between the
north and south are stressed and at times
insufficient to deliver electricity from
high wind generation and low consumption in the north and a heavy consumption and limited generation capacities in
the south. The difficulties encountered
by the Tsos are amplified by the number of actors and the evolution of market
processes.
To cope with these problems four
measures must be taken rapidly:
✔ Increase as soon as possible the
transmission capacity, in part by
streamlining the administrative
process.
✔ set up a tight cooperation between
Tsos and distribution system operators (Dsos).
✔ reinforce investments on conventional generation technologies.
✔ Control the total cost of energy
including a fair allocation of grid
costs.
The third article, written by Bompard et al., addresses the security challenges to cope with the criticalities of
the future european transmission grid.
an upgraded and interoperable electricity infrastructure is needed to allow
for increased cross-border trading and
integration of the wholesale electricity markets, ensuring secure supplies
everywhere, and enabling the access
to diversified sources of energy (e.g.,
renewable wind and solar sources).
The forecasts for production from
renewable sources and their localization and the potential connection to
neighboring power grids (e.g., the russian Federation, northern africa, and
the middle east) will define the structural and operational characteristics of
the european grid and therefore have a
significant influence on its criticality.
This article discusses the current
and foreseeable susceptibility of the
march/april 2014

european grid to different criticalities. In particular, it discusses four
categories: natural hazards, accidental
threats, malicious threats, and emerging threats due to variability and the
interdependency between the power
system and other infrastructures. It
will conclude with the necessary international political strategies and anticipated eu policy initiatives to suggest

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possible long-term solutions for the
outlined emerging criticalities.
The fourth article, authored by
mallet et al., describes distribution grids
and their possible evolution in terms of
architecture, ancillary services, and the
regulatory framework needed in this
context.
major changes are expected for the
distribution part of the future power

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014