IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2014 - 96
Robotic
Dynamic Sculpture
Architecture, Modeling,
and Implementation
of Dynamic Sculpture
*
IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE
*
T
he well-developed and well-known robotic technology used
for product adaptability and versatility has the potential to be
applied to sculptures or three-dimensional (3-D) artifacts,
leading to a new class of sculptures called dynamic sculpture.
The promise of dynamic sculpture is to enable the sculpture
to exhibit controlled motion. This article introduces the
architecture, modeling, and implementation of dynamic
sculpture.
Dynamic Sculpture and Its Related Works
Unlike traditional static arts, kinetic arts create artifacts
that exhibit motion. It is well known that movement is a
powerful means to express semantics and change emotion.
Movements in contemporary kinetic arts are, however, relatively
simple and passively or naturally controlled. Although naturally
controlled kinetic sculptures do change emotion, the natural control
approach is restricted in creating a variety of motions. Dynamic sculpture goes beyond the nature-driven kinetic sculpture. In dynamic sculpture, machine-driven systems are introduced. The difference between
kinetics and dynamics is not really relevant to the dynamic sculpture to
be presented in this article. Thus, these two terms are used interchangeably unless otherwise stated explicitly.
Despite an increase in production in the past few decades, the number of kinetic sculptures produced remains relatively small. In the literature relating to sculpture, research into dynamic sculpture is relatively
scarce. Artists who designed dynamic sculpture artifacts are based on
ad-hoc approaches and techniques. Prince [1], one of the coauthors of
this article, designed some dynamic sculptures using mechanical and
electrical components, some of which are controlled by humans and
others by machines, to perform some repeating periodic movements.
Zivanovic [2] presented a robotic art work, Senster, which is a welded
robot driven by two or more hydraulic actuators. These dynamic sculpture artifacts were created with pure artistic instinct, although they are
governed by the basic mechanical laws.
Recently, engineering researchers have designed several dynamic
sculptures using the theory of automatic control. Raine and Gooch [3]
analyzed the dynamics and explored the design laws for maintaining
the static and dynamic similarity when the original sculptures are scaled
up. Based on a classical theory and a finite-element method, they
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MRA.2014.2312842
Date of publication: 20 August 2014
96
By Tan Zhang, Kirk Backstrom, Richard E. Prince, Changli Liu,
Zhiqin Qian, Dan Zhang, and Wenjun Zhang
SEPTEMBER 2014
1070-9932/14©2014IEEE
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