Baking & Snack - December 2005 - 86

Nutrition News
Research reveals digestive benefits
of resistant starch
Resistant starch's effect on blood sugar
levels and satiety has caught the attention of some grain-based foods manufacturers. According to recent research,
resistant starch could also reduce risks
of colon cancer and diarrhea - benefits
worth promoting.
David Topping, Ph.D., chief research
scientist for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) at Adelaide, Australia,
spoke about such findings at the recent
"Making Fiber Irresistible: Resistant
Starch is a Natural" conference in Chicago. The conference was organized
by National Starch Food Innovation,
Bridgewater, NJ, and Oldways Preservation Trust, Boston, MA.
Resistant starch provides digestive
benefits in a different way than regular
fiber, according to Dr. Topping. While
fiber works in a bulking manner, resistant starch produces short-chain fatty
acids, especially butyrates, that aid in
fermentation. Butyrates can inhibit a
range of cancer cells including colorectal cancer cells, Dr. Topping said.
"Butyrate is being treated almost like

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a drug," Dr. Topping said, because it
can repair damaged DNA.
He described a population study
in South Africa showed that resistant
starch may reduce colon cancer. White
people in the country had a higher fiber
intake than blacks, but they also had a
higher incidence of colonic cancer and
a lower concentration level of butyrate.
Blacks in South Africa ate more starch,
such as in porridge, and had a higher
concentration of butyrate. "We think
they are eating a lot of resistant starch,"
Dr. Topping said.
Resistant starch comes in four forms.
Physically inaccessible starch (RS-1) can
be found in milled grains and legumes.
Granular starch (RS-2) is found in foods
like green bananas, raw potatoes and
high-amylose corn. An example of gelatinized and retrograded starch (RS-3) is
cooled potato starch. Chemically modified starch is called RS-4.
National Starch Food Innovation
promotes five health benefits in its Himaize 5-in-1 fiber, a form of RS-2 resistant starch. Digestive health is listed as
the fourth benefit.

Eating or drinking sweets may decrease the production of glucocorticoid, a stress-related hormone linked
to obesity and decreased immune
response, according to research at the
University of Cincinnati. When laboratory rats ate or drank sweet snacks,
their bodies produced lower levels of
glucocorticoid, according to Yvonne
Ulrich-Lai, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the department
of psychiatry. Sweets
made from
sugar, and
not artificial sweeteners, worked best.
"The sweets we
are talking about are not the low-calorie, sugar-substitute variety," said
Dr. Ulrich-Lai. "We actually found
that sugar snacks, not artificially
sweetened snacks, are better 'selfmedications' for the two most common types of stress - psychological
and physical."

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90 / BAKING & SNACK / December 2005

Natural sweets reduce
stress levels, says study

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Baking & Snack - December 2005

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