Avionics News February 2023 - 50

THEORY & PRACTICE
Continued from page 49
pole is not at the same location as the geographic North
pole about which our planet rotates. Not only is the
magnetic North pole offset, but also, it moves.
The difference between true north (based on the
geographic North pole) and magnetic north (where the
compass points) is called variation. Sectional air charts will
have approximate variation values marked. Bar Harbor,
Maine, has a 16-degree difference between magnetic and true
north. This variation is to the west, so pilots will need to add
16 degrees from the true course to find what the magnetic
compass will show. Aviators near Ketchikan, Alaska, have
variation to the east and will need to subtract 18 degrees
from the true course to get the compass indication. Figure 2
shows meridians, parallels and the poles.
Since the magnetic compass is the only reliable
navigation device able to work with no external power
or computing ability, aviation navigation is based on
magnetic courses, even though the maps are based
on true north. This means ground-based navigational
systems must be recalibrated as the magnetic North pole
moves, and occasionally, runway numbers will need to
be repainted, since the numbering system is based on
magnetic north.
Using a compass, we can point an airplane, boat or
ourselves in a particular direction. Directions are also
defined in degrees. Zero degrees is north; 90 degrees is
east; 180 degrees is south; and 270 degrees is west. North
could also be defined as 360 degrees. Imagine you are
navigating a slow airplane and want to go east. You would
tell the pilot to point the aircraft toward 90 degrees on
the compass. Unknown to you, a strong wind is blowing
from the south. So, for each mile you travel eastbound, the
wind blows you a mile northbound.
What is happening in this example is showing us the
difference between heading and course. Heading is the
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50 avionics news * february 2023

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Avionics News February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Avionics News February 2023

Avionics News February 2023 - Intro
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover1
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover2
Avionics News February 2023 - 1
Avionics News February 2023 - 2
Avionics News February 2023 - 3
Avionics News February 2023 - 4
Avionics News February 2023 - 5
Avionics News February 2023 - 6
Avionics News February 2023 - 7
Avionics News February 2023 - 8
Avionics News February 2023 - 9
Avionics News February 2023 - 10
Avionics News February 2023 - 11
Avionics News February 2023 - 12
Avionics News February 2023 - 13
Avionics News February 2023 - 14
Avionics News February 2023 - 15
Avionics News February 2023 - 16
Avionics News February 2023 - 17
Avionics News February 2023 - 18
Avionics News February 2023 - 19
Avionics News February 2023 - 20
Avionics News February 2023 - 21
Avionics News February 2023 - 22
Avionics News February 2023 - 23
Avionics News February 2023 - 24
Avionics News February 2023 - 25
Avionics News February 2023 - 26
Avionics News February 2023 - 27
Avionics News February 2023 - 28
Avionics News February 2023 - 29
Avionics News February 2023 - 30
Avionics News February 2023 - 31
Avionics News February 2023 - 32
Avionics News February 2023 - 33
Avionics News February 2023 - 34
Avionics News February 2023 - 35
Avionics News February 2023 - 36
Avionics News February 2023 - 37
Avionics News February 2023 - 38
Avionics News February 2023 - 39
Avionics News February 2023 - 40
Avionics News February 2023 - 41
Avionics News February 2023 - 42
Avionics News February 2023 - 43
Avionics News February 2023 - 44
Avionics News February 2023 - 45
Avionics News February 2023 - 46
Avionics News February 2023 - 47
Avionics News February 2023 - 48
Avionics News February 2023 - 49
Avionics News February 2023 - 50
Avionics News February 2023 - 51
Avionics News February 2023 - 52
Avionics News February 2023 - 53
Avionics News February 2023 - 54
Avionics News February 2023 - 55
Avionics News February 2023 - 56
Avionics News February 2023 - 57
Avionics News February 2023 - 58
Avionics News February 2023 - 59
Avionics News February 2023 - 60
Avionics News February 2023 - 61
Avionics News February 2023 - 62
Avionics News February 2023 - 63
Avionics News February 2023 - 64
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover3
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover4
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