IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2016 - 33

no motive or underlying teleology
residing within the technology itself.
Rather, much the same as theorists
of power have argued, there is a
driving force behind this movement
in history that is external from the
apparatus of control [2]. Whether
the motive behind this movement
is intentional or inadvertently trans-
piring, its archaeology is yet to be
fully unveiled. However, it surely
has to do with a rhetoric of fear, an
"adapt or die" mentality.
If one were to endeavor to adopt
the power theor y perspective,
cyborg monitoring technology can
be correlated with the interrogator
(i.e., analogously the interrogator
being the human motive behind
the RFID reader). It is here that
Haraway has questioned whether
technology has any self-piloting
nature. While I take the position
that the machine does not have
a self-piloting nature or contain
human spirit, current research-
ers are grappling to rationalize
whether technology has a teleol-
ogy. It does have artificial energy,
and with the lines of distinction
between human and machine
being increasingly blurred, this
fusion of the human energy (spirit)
and artificially generated energy
has potential to take a radical
homogenous shift, in which tech-
nology is being recharged through
the human body in which it is
embedded. In the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, Hoven and
Vermaas [3] write,

they will get energy from their
environment in the form of
heat, light or movement.

Contrary to Haraway's perspective,
Foucault views technological appara-
tuses as containing no tele-
ology other than what now
can be traced as a device
created by the industry to
parallel the mandate of its
Current researchers are grappling
consumer. He argued that
to rationalize whether technology
within the paradoxical rela-
tionship of society and the
has a teleology.
state, society becomes a
property of control. The
institution [or the apparatus]
becomes the mere facility - not the
by economic factors, or a need to
source of control, not the controller,
maintain social control, the under-
but the human-made structure - the
lying principal should be disclosed,
penal apparatus that simultaneously is
for it all rests on principles of fear.
established incrementally throughout
Author Information
history, as newer structural mecha-
Sharon Rose Bradley-Munn is a Cana-
nisms replace the former as a means
dian-based researcher, currently
to accommodate higher culminations
completing her Ph.D. with the
of canonized practices of knowledge.
School of Computing and Informa-
Such penal systems are designed
tion Technology at the University of
to ensure civic control and typify an
Wollongong, NSW, Australia. Email:
ideologically-based governing order of
srbm802@uowmail.edu.au.
practical rationale a conscious goal to
see a job finished [4], referred to by
References
the Greeks as the techne [5].
[1] D. Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science,
It is here one can take a stance
technology, and socialist feminism in the late
against power theorists who argue
twentieth century," in Simians, Cyborgs and
Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New
that the leaders endorsing such
York, NY: Routledge, 1991, pp. 149-181.
shifts are consciously aware of
[2] M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth
what is transpiring. Instead, it can
of the Prison, A. Sheridan, trans. New York, NY:
Pantheon, 1977.
be argued that they are being lead
[3] J. Van den Hoven and P.E Vermaas, "Nano-
unconsciously, which disqualifies
technology and privacy: On continuous surveil-
the likelihood of a despotic con-
lance outside the panopticon," J. Medicine and
Philosophy, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 291, 2007.
scious theoretical mind leading the
[4] M. Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic, An
endeavor. Instead, view the moti-
Archeology of Medical Perception, A. Sheridan,
vating factor within the ruling class
trans. London, U.K.: Routledge, 1989.
[5] M. Eldred, "Technology, technique, interplay:
as a desire to move civility towards
Questioning Die Frage nach der Technik," IEEE
emancipation - even a utopian
Technology and Society Mag., vol. 32, no. 2,
world. However, in saying this, it
pp. 13-21, 2013.
[6] A. MacIntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral
becomes necessary to disclose
Theory, 3rd ed. London, U.K.: Univ. of Notre
that although ridding humanity of
Dame Press, 1981.
social inequalities is highly prized,
if this is done through a top-down

Apart from a race to the bot-
tom and the aim of making
RFIDs smaller, [and more eco-
nomical] one of the research
challenges is to make the
chips self- suff icient a nd
energy saving or even energy
"scavenging," in which case

june 2016

insistence that leaves no room for
fundamental human choice, then
in this sense, the ruling class can
be argued to share a common
teleology that is emotivistic [6].
Whether this movement is driven

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